Paralogisms

Japanese: paralogismos
Paralogisms

…In Aristotle, what might be called Plato's descent path, that is, demonstrative reasoning starting from principles, is placed first, and dialectics is placed second as a scientific method that starts from endoxa (a generally accepted opinion) and seeks to establish the principle itself. However, it should be noted that dialectics is placed higher than argumentative reasoning (third place) and paralogismos (starting from premises specific to the science, such as geometry) (fourth place). From late antiquity through the Middle Ages, the Aristotelian distinction-based idiom disappeared, and dialectics came to be considered a synonym for logic in general. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "paralogismos" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アリストテレスにおいては,プラトンにおける下降の途ともいうべきもの,つまり,原理から出発する論証的推理が第1位におかれ,弁証法はエンドクサendoxa(一般的に承認されている意見)から出発して原理そのものの設定を図る学理的一手法として第2位に置かれる。しかし,第3位の争論的推理や第4位のパラロギスモスparalogismos(幾何学などのごとくその学問に固有の前提から出発するもの)よりも上位に位置づけられていることに留意を要する。古代末期から中世を通じては,アリストテレス流の区別的語法が消え,弁証法は,論理学一般の同義語とされるようになっていた。…

※「paralogismos」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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