An algebraic equation in which the degree of the unknown is 1. For example, if x, y, and z are unknowns and a, b, etc. are constants, then ax + b = 0, ax + by + c = 0, and ax + by + cz = 0 (assuming the coefficients of the unknowns are not zero) are linear equations. Depending on whether the number of unknowns is 1, 2, etc., they are described as unial, binary, etc. The above examples are linear equations with one unknown, two unknowns, and three unknowns, respectively. A linear equation with one variable can be transformed into the standard form ax + b = 0. The root (solution) of this equation is -b/a. Except for the condition a ≠ 0, when a = 0, b ≠ 0, the equation is indeterminate or has an infinite number of roots. In general, when multiple linear equations with two or more unknowns have the same unknown value, the set of equations is called simultaneous linear equations. For example, ax + by + c = 0, a'x + b'y + c' = 0 [Yoshio Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
未知数の次数が1である代数方程式をいう。たとえばx、y、zを未知数、a、bなどを定数とするとき、ax+b=0、ax+by+c=0、ax+by+cz=0(ただし未知数の係数はゼロでないとする)は一次方程式である。未知数の個数が1、2などに応じて一元、二元などと形容する。前記の例はそれぞれ一元、二元および三元の一次方程式である。 一元一次方程式は、式変形によって標準の形ax+b=0になる。この方程式の根(解)は、-b/aである。a≠0の条件を除けば、a=0、b≠0のとき不能または根が存在せず、a=b=0のときは不定または根が無数にある。 一般に二元以上の複数個の一次方程式において、同じ文字の未知数は同じ値をとるものとするとき、これら方程式の組を連立一次方程式という。たとえば [竹内芳男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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