Oryx - Orix (English spelling)

Japanese: オリックス - おりっくす(英語表記)oryx
Oryx - Orix (English spelling)

A general term for animals in the genus Oryx, family Bovidae, order Artiodactyla, class Mammalia. The Oryx genus is distributed in southern, western and eastern Africa and southeastern Arabia, living in deserts and grasslands. It is a large to medium-sized antelope, standing 90-120 cm tall at the shoulder and weighing around 200 kg. Both males and females have long, spear-shaped or saber-shaped horns, usually 75-110 cm long. Body color and markings vary depending on the species. They usually live in small groups of five to a dozen, but during the rainy season they gather together and sometimes live in large groups of over 100. The group is mainly made up of females and their young, while males tend to live alone or in small groups. They feed on grass, leaves, fruit, etc. and can survive for long periods without water. During mating season, males fight by butting their horns together, but males and females also butt their horns together and push against each other in a "sparring" contest. Males also chase females and touch the inside and outside of their hind legs with their front legs in a display known as "wife-kicking." The gestation period is 240-300 days, and the babies are born during the rainy season when food is plentiful. They only give birth to one baby per litter. Overhunting has reduced their populations, and some species have become extinct, but the following four species are known:

The Gemsbok (Cape Oryx) O. gazella is found in Angola, southern Mozambique and from Rhodesia southwards. Its horns are 100-122cm long, its body is grey-brown, and it has black spots from its forehead to its nose and from its eyes to its chin. The Beisa Oryx O. beisa is found from Eritrea to Tanzania. Its horns are 70-105cm long, its body is ochre-coloured. It is a strong-willed animal, and there have been instances of it killing lions with its horns. The Siberian Oryx O. dammah is found from Senegal to Sudan. Its horns are 100-127cm long, its body is yellowish-white. It is said that the ancient Egyptians kept this species as livestock. The Arabian Oryx O. leucoryx is found in small numbers on the Arabian Peninsula and is the most endangered species. Its horns are about 75cm long, and its body is dirty white. The Oryx and the Addax form the subfamily Oryginae.

[Tadaaki Imaizumi]

Scimitar oryx
Distributed from Senegal to Sudan. The horns of both sexes are 100-127cm long and grow backwards in a curved shape. The body color is yellowish white. Head and body length is about 190cm, shoulder height is 110-125cm, and weight is 180-200kg. ©Shogakukan ">

Scimitar oryx


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目ウシ科オリックス属に含まれる動物の総称。この属Oryxはアフリカ南部、西部、東部とアラビア南東部に分布し、砂漠や草原に生息する。大形ないし中形のアンテロープで、肩高は90~120センチメートル、体重は200キログラム内外である。雌雄ともに槍(やり)状、またはそれがサーベル状にカーブした長い角(つの)があり、長さは普通75~110センチメートルである。体色や斑紋(はんもん)は種によって異なる。普通5頭から十数頭の小群で暮らすが、雨期にはそれらが集まり、ときに100頭を超す大きな群れで生活する。群れはおもに雌と子からなり、雄は単独あるいは小群でいることが多い。草、木の葉、果実などを食べ、水がなくても長期間生存できる。交尾期になると雄どうしは角を突き合わせて闘うが、雄と雌も角を突き合わせて押し合う「打ち合い」(スパーリング)を行う。また、雄は雌を追いかけ、前足で雌の後ろ足の内側や外側に触れる「走り打ち」(ワイフキッキング)とよばれるディスプレーも行われる。妊娠期間は240~300日で、子は食物の豊かな雨期に産まれる。1産1子。乱獲され生息数は減少し、絶滅した種もあるが、次の4種が知られている。

 ゲムズボック(ケープオリックス)O. gazellaはアンゴラ、モザンビーク南部およびローデシア地方から南に分布する。角は100~122センチメートルあり、体は灰茶色で、額から鼻面と目から下あごにかけて黒斑がある。ベイサオリックスO. beisaはエリトリアからタンザニアにかけて分布する。角は70~105センチメートルで、体は黄土色。気が強く、ライオンさえも角で殺した例がある。シロオリックスO. dammahはセネガルからスーダンにかけて分布する。角は100~127センチメートルで、体は黄白色である。古代エジプト人は本種を家畜として飼育していたといわれる。アラビアオリックスO. leucoryxはアラビア半島に少数が生息し、もっとも絶滅が心配されている種である。角は75センチメートルほどで、体は汚れた白色。なお、オリックスはアダックスとともにオリックス亜科Oryginaeを形成する。

[今泉忠明]

シロオリックス
セネガルからスーダンにかけて分布。雌雄にある角は100~127cmで、後方に弓なりに生える。体色は黄白色。頭胴長約190cm、肩高110~125cm、体重180~200kg©Shogakukan">

シロオリックス


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