In the old days, it was called genzan. It meant having an audience with a lord or other high-ranking person. In the Edo period, it was not only seen among samurai but also among townspeople and other societies. In the Edo Shogunate, it referred to daimyo and hatamoto visiting the shogun on ceremonial days. The first genzan for their children was particularly important, and in principle it was held before the inheritance of the horoku (family headship) or the bunpo (branch family). Genzan signified confirmation of the relationship of lord and servant with the shogun and the right to inherit the family headship and fief. Therefore, once a person had been genzan, they were allowed to be adopted into a direct retainer's family, but were prohibited from being summoned into the daimyo's household or being adopted into the daimyo's vassal (baishin). Genzan also indicated status. In the shogunate, direct retainers were classified as hatamoto (direct retainers) with the rank of Omikame (visitor) or higher, and as gokenin (retainers) with the rank of Omikame (visitor to the shogun) or lower. The significance of Omikame in the various feudal domains was the same as in the shogunate. [Kitahara Akio] "The Life of Samurai in the Edo Period" by Yoshitaka Shinji (1966, Shibundo) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古くは見参(げんざん)といった。主人はじめ高位の人に謁すること。江戸時代には、武家ばかりか町人などの社会にもみられた。江戸幕府では、大名・旗本らが式日(しきじつ)などに将軍に謁見することをいった。なかでも彼らの子弟の初御目見は重要なものであり、封禄(ほうろく)(家督)の相続、分封(ぶんぽう)(分家)以前に済ませておくのが原則であった。御目見は、将軍との間の主従関係の確認、家督・知行(ちぎょう)の相続権の発生を意味したからである。そこでひとたび御目見を済ませた者は、直参(じきさん)の家に養子となることは許されても、大名の家中に召し出されたり、その家臣(陪臣(ばいしん))の養子となることは禁止された。また御目見は身分格式を表示するものでもあった。幕府では直参のうち、御目見以上を旗本、御目見以下を御家人(ごけにん)として区別した。なお、諸藩においても御目見の意義は、幕府におけるのと同様であった。 [北原章男] 『進士慶幹著『江戸時代の武家の生活』(1966・至文堂)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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