…It refers to private practice doctors, lawyers, artists, etc. In this sense, it is close to the term “professions.” In the early days of the industrial society, freelancers were distinguished from the newly emerging capitalists and managers and employed workers, and generally enjoyed a high social status due to their professional independence and academically-backed specialized knowledge. *Some of the terminology that mentions "professions" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…開業医,弁護士,芸術家などを指す。この意味で専門的職業professionsに近い。産業社会の初期において自由業者は,新興の資本家・経営者や雇用労働者とは区別されて,その職業上の独立性と学問的裏付けをもった専門的知識とによって,一般に高い社会的地位を得ている。… ※「professions」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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