Ramazzini, B.

Japanese: Ramazzini，B.（英語表記）RamazziniB

…Sexual life is closely related to the occurrence of cancers of the female reproductive system. In 1700, Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) noted that breast cancer was prevalent among nuns, and this observation is still valid today. Breast cancer is more prevalent among unmarried women, and among married women, the older they are at marriage, or more precisely, the older they are at their first birth. …

From "Mine Disease"

…Paracelsus wrote a specialist book called “Diseases of the Miners” (1567) and was the first to discover the causal relationship between pneumoconiosis and metal poisoning. Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714), who is said to be the father of occupational medicine, opened his book “Diseases of the Working People” (1700) with “Diseases of the Miners” and discussed their causes and symptoms in detail. In Japan, too, during the Edo period when mining development was rapidly promoted, occupational diseases occurred among miners and caused pollution to the surrounding area due to mineral poisoning. …

From [Industrial Hygiene]

…G. Agricola's 16th century book De re metallica already contained a system of scientific research into mines, which included detailed descriptions of sanitary engineering for drainage and ventilation in the mines, as well as vivid records of disasters and illnesses caused by unsanitary conditions in the mines and working conditions. It also described the need for a combination of engineering, hygiene, and socio-economics to maintain the mines, showing that a basic understanding of industrial hygiene had already been established. Around the same time, Paracelsus wrote Miners' and Other Mining Diseases (1533-34), followed by Stockhausen's Diseases of Lead Monoxide Fumes and Miners' Lung Fatigue (1656), and then Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) of Italy published De morbis artificum diatriba (1700), a compilation of knowledge about occupations and health that had been passed down since Hippocrates. Around the same time in Japan, there is a record of a three-year digging of a ventilation shaft to ventilate the inside of a gold mine in Sado (1663), and a record of silicosis (1756), but the scale of industry was small, and industrial hygiene activities were lagging far behind those in Europe.

From [Occupational Disease]

...Paracelsus also mentioned this in his work "Diseases of the Miners" (1567), and the cause was thought to be arsenic or radiation. In 1700, when the industrial manufacturing industry began to develop in Europe, the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) wrote "Diseases of the Working People," which is considered a classic work on occupational diseases. It contains detailed descriptions of diseases caused by the working environment in over 50 occupations, including miners, giltheads, chemists, potters, blacksmiths, pharmacists, dyers, oil makers, stonemasons, weavers, farmers, and fishermen.

From Ramazzini

…Italian physician. Born in Carpi in the Duchy of Modena, he studied philosophy and medicine at the University of Parma. After practicing medicine in his hometown, he was invited to lecture at the University of Modena and then at the University of Padua, where he became famous as one of the leading scholars of his time. He made his name immortal with his book De morbis artificum diatriba (1700, revised edition 1713), which was translated into English (1705) and other languages in Western Europe, and had a great influence on later generations as a classic in the study of occupational hygiene and occupational diseases. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Ramazzini, B." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　性生活は女性の生殖器癌の発生に深い関係がある。イタリアの医師ラマッツィーニBernardino Ramazzini(1633‐1714)が尼に乳癌が多いと記載したのは1700年のことであるが，この観察は現在も生きている。乳癌は，未婚の女子に高く，また既婚者でも，結婚年齢の高いもの，より正確には初産年齢の高いものほど多い。…

【鉱山病】より

…パラケルススは《鉱夫病》(1567)という専門書を著し，塵肺や金属中毒の因果関係を初めて見抜いた。続いて労働医学の祖といわれるラマッツィーニBernardino Ramazzini(1633‐1714)は《働く人々の病気》(1700)で〈鉱夫の病気〉を冒頭に掲げ，その病因と症状を詳しく論じた。　日本でも，鉱山開発が急速に進められた江戸時代になると，鉱山労働者に職業病が発生し，また近隣に鉱毒による公害をもたらした。…

【産業衛生】より

…16世紀のG.アグリコラの著書《デ･レ･メタリカ》には，すでに鉱山における科学的な研究の体系が記されているが，そのなかには坑内の排水，換気などの環境整備のための衛生工学の実際，坑内の環境や労働の非衛生的な状態による災害や病気の生々しい記録が詳細に記され，鉱山を維持するための工学，衛生学，社会経済学の総合の必要性が述べられており，産業衛生の基本的認識がすでにできあがっていることがうかがえる。同じころパラケルススの《鉱夫病とその他の鉱山病》(1533‐34)，ついでシュトックハウゼンの《一酸化鉛の有害煙気による病気と鉱夫肺労》(1656)が著され，やがてイタリアのラマッツィーニBernardino Ramazzini(1633‐1714)の《働く人々の病気De morbis artificum diatriba》(1700)が現れ，ヒッポクラテス以来の職業と健康に関する知識が集大成された。ほぼ同時代の日本には，佐渡の金山で，坑内の換気のために通気坑を3年がかりで掘ったという記録(1663)や，珪肺(よろけ)の記録(1756)があるが，産業の規模は小さく，産業衛生活動はヨーロッパとは比べられないほど遅れていた。…

【職業病】より

…これについてはパラケルススも《鉱夫病》(1567)の中で述べており，原因はヒ素あるいは放射能と考えられる。　ヨーロッパに工場制手工業が発達しはじめた1700年に，イタリアの医師ラマッツィーニBernardino Ramazzini(1633‐1714)によって職業病の古典といわれる《働く人々の病気》が書かれた。そこには鉱夫，鍍金屋，化学者，陶器師，鍛冶屋，薬剤師，染物屋，油製造人，石屋，織物工，農民，漁夫など50余の職種について，その労働環境に起因する疾病が詳細に記述されている。…

【ラマッツィーニ】より

…イタリアの医学者。モデナ公国のカルピに生まれ，パルマ大学で哲学，医学を学ぶ。故郷で医業に携わったのち，モデナ大学さらにパドバ大学に招かれて医学を講じ，当代一流の学者として盛名をはせる。彼の名を不朽のものにしたのはその著《働く人々の病気De morbis artificum diatriba》(1700。改訂版1713)で，英訳(1705)をはじめ西欧各国で翻訳されたほか，労働衛生学，職業病学の古典として後世に大きな影響を与えた。…

※「Ramazzini，B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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