Brandt, Willy

Japanese: ブラント（英語表記）Brandt， Willy
Brandt, Willy
Born: December 18, 1913 in Lübeck
[Died] October 8, 1992. West German politician from the outskirts of Bonn. His real name was Karl Herbert Frahm. In 1930, he joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and in 1933, he fled to Norway and became a naturalized citizen under the name Willy Brandt. He then worked as a journalist in Norway and Sweden. He participated in underground activities in Berlin and the Spanish Civil War, but became critical of communism after seeing the purges in the Soviet Union and the activities of the Communist Party in Spain. After World War II, he returned to Germany, and in 1948 helped to rebuild the Social Democratic Party. He regained German citizenship and entered the political arena after the Soviet blockade of Berlin. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1949 to 1957, mayor of West Berlin from 1957 to 1966, and leader of the Social Democratic Party in 1964. He was elected Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in a grand coalition government with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in 1966, and Prime Minister in a small coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party (FDP) in 1969. He promoted diplomacy toward détente (Eastern diplomacy), and achieved successes such as the signing of the Treaty on Basic Relations between East and West Germany, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971. In May 1974, he took responsibility for the Guillaume Affair and resigned as Prime Minister. After that, he remained in his position as leader of the Social Democratic Party and promoted the peaceful course of Socialist International, proposing the "Zero Option" to completely eliminate intermediate-range nuclear forces from Europe, thus maintaining his influence in both domestic and international politics.

Brandt
Brant, Sebastian

Born: 1457. Strasbourg
Died May 10, 1521, Strasbourg. German poet and lawyer. He studied law and theology at the University of Basel and taught there. After returning to Strasbourg, he served as a city bureaucrat. He had connections with humanists, but his attitude remained tied to medieval traditions. He wrote legal works, Latin poems, and translations, but his greatest masterpiece is the verse allegory Das Narrenschiff (1494). It features over 100 fools setting sail for the "heaven of fools," satirizing the foolish acts of all classes and attacking the stupidity and shortcomings of human beings. It became the most famous work of its time, was translated into Latin and other languages, and had a great influence on fool literature that followed.

Brandt
Brant, Joseph

Born: 1742. Ohio River Basin
[Died] November 24, 1807. Born near Brantford, Ontario. A Mohawk chief. Brother-in-law of Sir W. Johnson, British Superintendent of Native Americans in the North. During the French and Indian War (1754-63) and the American War of Independence (1775-83), he led four of the six Iroquois nations in the Iroquois League of Nations on the side of Britain. After the war, hoping for a peaceful resolution, he acted as an intermediary between the United States and the Miami and other western nations. In his later years, he acquired land on the Grand River in Ontario, Canada, and emigrated there. He worked as a missionary for the Church of England, translated prayer books and gospels into Mohawk, and founded a church.

Brandt
Brandt, Max August Scipio von

Born: October 8, 1835, Prussia
[Died]? Prussian envoy to Japan from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period. He arrived in Japan in July 1860 as an attendant on the mission of Count FA Eulenburg, who was sent to the Far Eastern countries to open the country and conclude trade treaties, and made an outstanding contribution to the conclusion of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and Prussia. He arrived in Yokohama on November 15, 1862 as consul general and diplomatic representative in Japan. In March 1867, he was promoted to charge d'affaires. At the end of the Boshin War, he showed reluctance to abolish neutrality and recognize the new government. In 1870, he became charge d'affaires in the North German Confederation, and in 1872, he became minister to the Chinese Empire. In 1875, he became envoy to China, and retired in 1893. He wrote "33 Jahre in Ost-Asien" (1901-02).

Brandt
Brandt, Georg

[Born] July 21, 1694. Riddaritan
Died: April 29, 1768. Stockholm. Swedish chemist. Studied medicine and chemistry under H. Boerhaave. Became chief assayer at the Mines Bureau in 1727, and three years later became director of the Mint. In 1730 he discovered and isolated cobalt. He is also known for his research on arsenic compounds, antimony, bismuth, mercury, and zinc. In 1750 he became the first professor of chemistry at Uppsala University, where he worked to train the next generation of chemists.

Brandt
Blunt, Wilfred Scawen

Born: 17 August 1840, Petworth House, Sussex
[died] September 12, 1922, Newbuildings, Sussex. British poet. She became a diplomat but left the post when she got married and devoted herself to breeding Arabian horses. She gained recognition for her collection of poems, The Love Sonnets of Proteus (1880). She is also known as an advocate of nationalist movements in Ireland, Egypt, India, and other countries.

Brandt
Brand, Hennig

German chemist who lived in Hamburg around 1670. He is also known as "the last alchemist" because of his search for the "philosopher's stone." In 1669, he discovered a substance in urine that glowed in the dark and named it phosphorus.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1913.12.18. リューベック
[没]1992.10.8. ボン近郊
西ドイツの政治家。本名 Karl Herbert Frahm。 1930年社会民主党 SPDに入党，1933年第三帝国の成立とともにノルウェーに亡命，帰化して，ウィリー・ブラントと名のった。その後ノルウェー，スウェーデンでジャーナリストとして活躍。ベルリンでの地下活動やスペイン内乱に参加したが，ソ連での粛清，スペインでの共産党の活動などをみて共産主義に批判的となった。第2次世界大戦後ドイツに戻り，1948年社会民主党の再建に協力，ドイツ国籍に戻り，ソ連によるベルリン封鎖を契機として政治の表舞台に登場。 1949～57年連邦議会議員，1957～66年西ベルリン市長，1964年社会民主党党首。 1966年キリスト教民主同盟 CDUとの大連合内閣の副首相兼外相，1969年自由民主党との小連合内閣の首相に選ばれた。以後緊張緩和外交 (東方外交) を推進，東西ドイツ基本条約締結などの成果をあげ，1971年にノーベル平和賞受賞。 1974年5月ギヨーム事件の責任をとり，首相を辞任。その後，社会民主党党首の地位にとどまって社会主義インターナショナルの平和路線を推進し，ヨーロッパからの中距離核戦力全廃を求める「ゼロの選択」提案を行なうなど，国内政治，国際政治両面で陰然たる力を保ち続けた。

ブラント
Brant， Sebastian

[生]1457. シュトラスブルク
[没]1521.5.10. シュトラスブルク
ドイツの詩人，法律家。バーゼル大学で法律，神学を学び，教鞭をとった。シュトラスブルクに戻ってからは市の官吏をつとめた。人文主義者たちと関係をもったが，その姿勢は依然として中世の伝統に結びついていた。法学上の著作やラテン語詩，翻訳があるが，最大の傑作は，韻文によるアレゴリー『愚者の船』 Das Narrenschiff (1494) である。「愚者の天国」へ船出する 100人余の馬鹿者を登場させて，あらゆる階層の愚行を風刺，人間の愚かさ，いたらなさを攻撃したもので，同時代の最も著名な作品となり，ラテン語をはじめ各国語に翻訳され，のちの愚者文学に大きな影響を与えた。

ブラント
Brant， Joseph

[生]1742. オハイオ川流域
[没]1807.11.24. オンタリオ，ブラントフォード付近
アメリカインディアン，モホーク族の族長。イギリスの北部アメリカインディアン監督官 W.ジョンソン卿の義兄弟。フレンチ・アンド・インディアン戦争 (1754～63) とアメリカ独立戦争 (75～83) では，イロコイ6民族連盟中4民族を率いてイギリス側に立って戦った。独立戦争後，平和的解決を望み，マイアミ族など西方の諸民族とアメリカとの仲介役をつとめた。晩年カナダのオンタリオ州グランド河畔に土地を得て移住。イギリス国教会伝道師として伝道に従事し，祈祷書や福音書をモホーク語に翻訳し教会を設立した。

ブラント
Brandt， Max August Scipio von

[生]1835.10.8. プロシア
[没]?　ワイマール
幕末～明治初期の駐日プロシア公使。開国・通商条約締結のため極東諸国に派遣された F.A.オイレンブルク伯の使節随員として万延1 (1860) 年7月来日，日普修好通商条約の締結に尽力。文久2 (62) 年 11月 15日駐日総領事兼外交代表として横浜に着任。慶応3 (67) 年3月代理公使に昇任。戊辰戦争の終期には，局外中立を撤廃し新政府を承認することに難色を示した。明治3 (70) 年北ドイツ連邦代理公使，次いで同5年弁理公使。 1875年清国駐在公使に転じ，93年引退。著書"33 Jahre in Ost-Asien" (1901～02) 。

ブラント
Brandt， Georg

[生]1694.7.21. リッダリタン
[没]1768.4.29. ストックホルム
スウェーデンの化学者。 H.ブールハーフェのもとで医学と化学を学んだ。 1727年鉱山局の分析主任になり，その3年後造幣局長官になった。 30年にコバルトを発見・分離した。ヒ素化合物，アンチモン，ビスマス，水銀，亜鉛の研究でも知られる。 50年にウプサラ大学の初代化学教授に就任，後進の育成に努めた。

ブラント
Blunt， Wilfred Scawen

[生]1840.8.17. サセックス，ペットワースハウス
[没]1922.9.12. サセックス，ニュービルディングズ
イギリスの詩人。外交官となったが結婚とともに辞職し，アラブ馬の育成に努めた。詩集『プロテウスの愛のソネット』 The Love Sonnets of Proteus (1880) で認められた。アイルランド，エジプト，インドなどの民族主義運動の弁護者としても知られる。

ブラント
Brand， Hennig

1670年頃ハンブルクに在世したドイツの化学者。「賢者の石」を捜していたために「最後の錬金術師」といわれることもある。 69年，尿の中から暗闇で光るものを発見し，これをリン phosphorus (発光物) と名づけた。

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