Reaya

Japanese: reaya
Reaya

...In the case of non-Muslim ethnic groups, the religious communities to which they belonged (such as the Greek Orthodox Church, the Serbian Church, the Bulgarian Church, the Armenian Church, the Jewish Church, etc.) were allowed to have internal autonomy (the Millet system).
[Society, Economy, Culture]
The social hierarchy of the empire consisted of the askerı (further divided into military officers (ehl-i seyfiyye) and civil servants (ehl-i kalemiyye)), consisting of soldiers, bureaucrats, the ulama class, their families, relatives, and slaves, and the reaya (small merchants, artisans, and nomads, not including the distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims), and there was a notion of a hierarchy in which "the son of a reaya is a reaya." The ruling elite, who studied Islamic sciences, loved Persian literature, and considered themselves "Ottoman gentlemen (Osmanlı)," spoke Ottoman Turkish, embellished with Arabic and Persian, and called the simple colloquial language of the people "rough Turkish, kaba türkçe."

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "reaya" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…また,非ムスリム諸民族の場合は,それぞれが属する宗教的共同体(ギリシア正教会,セルビア教会,ブルガリア教会,アルメニア教会,ユダヤ教会など)ごとの内部自治を認められた(ミッレト制)。
[社会,経済,文化]
 帝国の社会的身分秩序は,軍人,官僚,ウラマー層およびその家族,親族,奴隷からなるアスケリーaskerı(さらに武官ehl‐i seyfiyyeと文官ehl‐i kalemiyyeとに分けられる)と生産者大衆レアーヤーreaya(小商工民,農民,遊牧民を指し,ムスリムと非ムスリムの区別を含まない)とからなり,〈レアーヤーの子はレアーヤーである〉という身分秩序観念があった。そして,イスラムの諸学問を修め,ペルシア文学を愛好し,みずから〈オスマン紳士(オスマンルOsmanlı)〉を自認する支配エリートは,アラビア語,ペルシア語に粉飾されたオスマン・トルコ語を話し,民衆の素朴な口語を〈粗野なトルコ語kaba türkçe〉とよんだ。…

※「reaya」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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