Ishiganto - Ishiganto

Japanese: 石敢当 - いしがんとう
Ishiganto - Ishiganto

It is a Chinese superstition to erect stones engraved with the word "ishiganto" to ward off evil spirits. It has existed in various parts of Japan since the Edo period, but in Okinawa it was directly transmitted from China and is still alive today as a social custom. It has existed in China since ancient times, and is erected on the wall of another house in front of the entrance of one's house, or engraved on the foundation stone of a house. Ishiganto is said to be the name of a sumo wrestler, but originally it was a word used to ward off evil spirits, as stones are stronger than anything else. In Okinawa, it is called "Kegirikomi no kaeshi", and it is common to erect ishiganto at the end of a road, but originally there was also a custom of placing stones called "kaeshi" to ward off evil spirits. This is a type of faith in road gods, like "Chigaeshi no Okami" in the Kojiki (712), and is a syncretism of it and the Chinese ishiganto.

Ishigantou is the yutou reading of "ishigantou," but it is also said to be a corruption of the Chinese pronunciation shih-kan-tang.

[Yo Kojima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

魔除(よ)けのために「石敢当」と刻んだ石を立てる中国の俗信。日本でも、江戸時代から各地にあったが、沖縄県には、中国から直接伝わって、いまも社会慣習として生きている。中国には古代からあり、家の入口の正面にあたる他家の壁に立てたり、家の土台石に刻んだりする。石敢当とは力士の名であると伝えるが、本来は、石がなによりも強いことから、魔除けに用いた語である。沖縄県では「蹴り込みの返し」といって、石敢当は道の突き当たりに立てるのが普通であるが、もともと「返し」といって魔除けに石を置く習慣もあった。これは『古事記』(712)の「道反(ちがえし)の大神」と同じく、道祖神信仰の一種で、それと中国の石敢当とが習合したものである。

 イシガントウは、「石敢当」の湯桶(ゆとう)読みであるが、中国語音のshih-kan-tangからの転訛(てんか)かともいう。

[小島瓔]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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