Offshore oil field

Japanese: 海底油田 - かいていゆでん
Offshore oil field

An oil field that is buried in a continental shelf with a relatively shallow depth and a gentle slope that extends from the coast to the sea. Offshore oil field reserves are estimated to be more than one-fifth of the world's hydrocarbon reserves. In 1982, 25.2% of the world's crude oil production was produced from offshore oil fields. The first offshore oil field development was in the early 1890s, when a pier was built off the coast of California and drilled from the shore. In 1947, the world's first steel platform was built off the coast of Louisiana, six meters deep, with no land visible. Oil exploration then progressed to deeper waters, and in 1976, an offshore oil field was developed at a depth of 259 meters off the coast of California, and in 1977, an offshore oil field was developed at a depth of 313 meters off the Gulf of Mexico of the United States, and crude oil is being produced.

Large-scale development is being carried out in the North Sea. The discovery of gas fields in the southern part of the North Sea in the 1960s was a turning point, and exploration moved northward, leading to the development of large oil fields such as the Forties and Ekofisk oil fields, which are owned by the UK and Norway, respectively. Offshore oil field development is being carried out in oceans around the world, and oil fields have been discovered in the Canadian Arctic Ocean and off the coast of Newfoundland, the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of California in the United States, the Persian Gulf, Egypt, Indonesia, Australia, and China. In Japan, exploration and development has been carried out since the development of the Tsuchizaki-oki oil field in Akita Prefecture in 1959 (Showa 34), and as of 1997 (Heisei 9), crude oil and natural gas are being produced in the Aga-oki oil field, the Iwafune-oki oil field in Niigata Prefecture, and the Iwaki-oki oil field in Fukushima Prefecture. Japanese oil development companies are also engaged in offshore oil field development in the Middle East and other parts of the world, and have achieved success.

[Shozo Tanaka]

[Reference items] | Marine resources | Oil extraction | Oil fields

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海岸から海へ広がる比較的水深の浅い傾斜の緩やかな大陸棚に埋蔵されている油田。海底油田の埋蔵量は世界の炭化水素の埋蔵量の5分の1以上と推定されている。1982年の世界の原油生産量の25.2%は海底油田から産出した。1890年代初期アメリカのカリフォルニア海岸で海岸から桟橋を設けて掘削を行ったのが海底油田開発の最初である。1947年ルイジアナ沖で陸地の見えない水深6メートルの海上で世界最初の鋼鉄製プラットフォームが建設された。その後、深い海へ油田探査が進み、1976年にはカリフォルニア沖で水深259メートル、77年にはアメリカのメキシコ湾岸で水深313メートルの地点で海底油田の開発が行われ、原油を生産している。

 大規模な開発は北海で実施されている。1960年代北海の南部でガス田が発見されたのが契機となり、探査は北に進み、それぞれイギリスとノルウェーが開発権利をもつフォーティーズ油田やエコフィスク油田などの大油田が開発された。海底油田開発は世界中の海で行われており、カナダの北極海やニューファンドランド島沖、アメリカのメキシコ湾やカリフォルニア沖、ペルシア湾、エジプト、インドネシア、オーストラリア、中国などの沖合いで油田が発見されている。日本では1959年(昭和34)秋田県土崎(つちざき)沖油田の開発以来、探査開発が実施されており、97年(平成9)現在、新潟県の阿賀沖油田、岩船沖油田、福島県の磐城沖油田で原油、天然ガスを生産している。また日本の石油開発会社は中東をはじめ世界各地で海底油田開発に従事し成果をあげている。

[田中正三]

[参照項目] | 海洋資源 | 採油 | 油田

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