The population is said to be between 3 and 4 million. They show proto-Australoid or Bedidian racial characteristics, and their language, Gōṇḍi, belongs to the Dravidian family of South India. Overall, they are characterized by cultural elements such as an agricultural lifestyle, a political and social organization based on patrilineal kinship, a belief in the Mother Goddess and the village guardian deity, and an organization of youth hostels, but there are considerable regional differences in the specific content. From the Dravidian family...The Dravidian languages include Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Telugu, which have their own scripts and literature and are the official languages of India, as well as 18 (or more) languages that do not have a script. These languages are broadly divided into three groups based on the region and linguistic characteristics: Northern Dravidian, Central Dravidian, and Southern Dravidian. The Southern Dravidian languages include Tamil (45 million people) in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and northern Sri Lanka, Malayalam (25 million people) in Kerala, Kannada (34 million people) in Karnataka, Toda (800 people) in the Nilgiri Mountains, Kota (900 people), Kodagu (40,000 people) in the Coorg region, and Tulu (940,000 people) around Mangalore. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gōṇḍi" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…人口は300万とも400万ともいわれている。プロト・オーストラロイドないしベッディード人種型の特徴を示し,使用言語のゴーンディ語Gōṇḍiは南インドのドラビダ語系統に属する。全体的にいえば農耕生活,父系血縁関係を軸とする政治・社会組織,地母神・村落守護神信仰,若者宿組織などの文化要素によって特徴づけられるが,その具体的内容には少なからぬ地域差がみられる。… 【ドラビダ語族】より…ドラビダ語族に属する言語としては,固有の文字と文献とをもち,インドの公用語ともなっている,タミル語,マラヤーラム語,カンナダ語,テルグ語と,文字をもたない18(あるいはそれ以上)の言語とがある。これら諸語は,地域と言語の特徴とに基づいて,北部ドラビダ語,中部ドラビダ語,南部ドラビダ語の三つに大別される。まず南ドラビダ語には,南インドのタミル・ナードゥ州およびスリランカ北部のタミル語(4500万人),ケーララ州のマラヤーラム語Malayalam(2500万人),カルナータカ州のカンナダ語Kannada(3400万人)のほか,ニルギリ山中のトダ語(800人),コータ語(900人),クールグ地方のコダグ語(4万人),マンガロール周辺で話されるトゥル語Tulu(94万人)などがある。… ※「Gōṇḍi」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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