A poet born in England, who later became a naturalized American. Born in York, graduated from Oxford University. In the 1930s, he was known for his left-wing statements and pioneering experimental poetic style, and was a central figure in the so-called "Poets of the 1930s," who exhibited brilliant poetic activity in the British poetic world. In particular, Day Lewis, Spender, and MacNeice were heavily influenced by Auden in both content and style, and because of their personal closeness, they are collectively known as the "Auden Group." His representative works from his time in England include "Poems" (1930), "Orators" (1932), and "Behold, O Traveller" (1935), as well as several verse dramas written in collaboration with Isherwood, a travel poem about Iceland written in collaboration with MacNeice, and a famous poem on the theme of the Spanish War. He also traveled to China with Isherwood during the Second Sino-Japanese War and reported on the front lines and behind the scenes from the Chinese side, producing the reportage "Journey to the War" (1939). The foundation of his work during this period was Marxism, which he prescribed as a symptomatic treatment for a sick society, but it was more ethical and psychological than ideological, and was mixed with the guilt he felt as a middle-class man toward the oppressed classes and the tingling of conscience. On the other hand, he was also clearly inclined toward Freudism as a way to save the souls of sick individuals. The conflict or reconciliation between these two, and the resolution of contradictions through "love" were the themes of his poetry. In terms of technique, he made extensive use of monosyllabic words in the style of Old English poetry, creating a unique style with an ironic lightness. After moving to the United States in 1939 during World War II, he converted to the Anglican Church and his style of poetry became significantly more religious. He reigned as a leading figure in the American poetry world, and had a great influence on younger poets, especially in terms of technique. During that time, he served as a professor of poetry at Oxford University from 1956 to 1961. His major later works include A New Year's Letter (1941), For a Little While (1944), The Age of Anxiety (1947), The Shield of Achilles (1955), Hymn to Clio (1960), and Letter to a Goddaughter (1972). [Junnosuke Sawazaki] "Auden's Poems, translated by Fukase Motohiro (1955, Chikumashobo / 1968, Serika Shobo)" ▽ "Kano Hideo's World Famous Poems Collection 10: Behold, the Traveler, and Others, translated by Kano Hideo (1959, Heibonsha)" ▽ "The Orators, translated by Furomoto Taketoshi (1977, Kokubunsha)" ▽ "New Year's Letters, translated by Furomoto Taketoshi (1981, Kokubunsha)" [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスに生まれ、のちアメリカに帰化した詩人。ヨーク出身。オックスフォード大学卒業。1930年代に左翼的発言と実験的詩法の開拓で知られた、いわゆる「30年代詩人」の中心的人物として、イギリス詩壇で華々しい詩作活動を示した。とくにデー・ルイス、スペンダー、マクニースらは作品の内容も詩風もオーデンに影響されるところが大きく、個人的な親近関係もあって、一括して「オーデン・グループ」の名でよばれる。イギリス時代の代表作としては『詩集』(1930)、『演説者たち』(1932)、『見よ、旅人よ』(1935)、ほかにイシャウッドとの合作になる数編の詩劇、マクニースとの合作になるアイスランド紀行詩、スペイン戦争を主題にした有名な詩編などがあり、また日中戦争当時イシャウッドとともに中国に渡って中国側から戦線とその背後に取材したルポルタージュ『戦争への旅』(1939)がある。この時期の彼の作品の根底にあるのは、病める社会への対症療法として彼が処方したマルキシズムだったが、それは思想的というより倫理的、心理的なもので、中産階級出身者としての被圧迫階級に対する後ろめたさ、良心の疼(うず)きなどとない交ぜになっている。したがって一方では、病める個人の魂の救済法としてのフロイディズム(フロイト主義)への傾倒も顕著だった。この両者間の相克あるいは調整、そして「愛」による矛盾の解決が彼の詩の主題だったといえる。技法の面では、古代英詩風の単音節語を多用し、皮肉な軽みを加えた独特なスタイルをつくりだした。第二次世界大戦中の1939年アメリカに移住してからはイギリス聖公会に帰依(きえ)し、詩風は著しく宗教的色彩を深めた。アメリカ詩壇においても大御所として君臨、とくに技法の面で若い詩人に与えた影響は大きい。その間1956年から1961年まではオックスフォード大学の詩学教授を務めた。後期のおもな作品は『新年の手紙』(1941)、『しばらくの間』(1944)、『不安の時代』(1947)、『アキレスの盾』(1955)、『クリオ賛歌』(1960)、『名づけ子への手紙』(1972)などがある。 [沢崎順之助] 『深瀬基寛訳『オーデン詩集』(1955・筑摩書房/1968・せりか書房)』▽『加納秀夫訳『世界名詩集大成10 見よ、旅人よ他』(1959・平凡社)』▽『風呂本武敏訳『演説者たち』(1977・国文社)』▽『風呂本武敏訳『新年の手紙』(1981・国文社)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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