The basic unit that makes up the nervous system. Also called a nerve cell or neuron. Morphologically, it consists of a cell body, dendrites, and axon. Its shape is diverse, including spherical and triangular. Like other cells, the cell body contains a nucleus, genetic material, and mitochondria, and is unique in that it contains Nissl bodies, which are substances that stain blue-purple with Nissl staining. Functionally, neurons can be classified into afferent (sensory) neurons, efferent (motor) neurons, and interneurons. Based on their effects, they can be classified into excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
神経系を構成する基本単位。神経細胞あるいはノイロンともいう。形態的に分けると,細胞体,樹状突起,軸索突起からなっている。形は球形,三角形など多様。細胞体の中には,一般の細胞と同じように 1個の核,遺伝物質,ミトコンドリアがあるほか,特有のものとしてニッスル小体というニッスル染色で青紫色に染まる物質をもっている。機能上からニューロンを分類すると,求心性 (感覚) ニューロン,遠心性 (運動) ニューロン,介在性ニューロンに分かれる。その効果からは興奮性ニューロン,抑制性ニューロンに分けられる。
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