An ancient Greek heroic epic poem that is said to have been written by Homer along with the Iliad. Today, many scholars believe that it was produced at the end of the 8th century BC, about one generation later than the Iliad, and that its author was not the same person as the author of the Iliad. It is about 3,000 lines shorter than the Iliad, just shy of 12,000 lines. Like the Iliad, it is divided into 24 books, and the order is indicated by the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet. The title means "Song of Odysseus," and it is an adventure story about the hero Odysseus, who wandered from place to place for another 10 years after the fall of Troy. The story begins when Odysseus is nearing the end of his wandering life, having been loved by the nymph Calypso and kept on the island of Ogygie for seven years. Meanwhile, in Odysseus' homeland of Ithaca, many young men from the surrounding area have proposed to his wife, Penelope, and spend their days partying and tormenting her and her only son, Telemachus. The poem covers the events that take place over the course of about 40 days, until Odysseus returns to his homeland and joins forces with Telemachus to defeat all of the evil suitors. At the beginning, a meeting of the gods is held, and at Athena's initiative, it is decided to allow Odysseus to return home. In volumes 1 to 4, Telemachus, encouraged by Athena, resolves to oppose the suitors and visits Nestor of Pylos and Menelaus of Sparta to seek news of his father. From volume 5, the story shifts to Odysseus, and the god Hermes conveys Zeus's will to Calypso. Odysseus attempts to return home on a raft, but is shipwrecked in a storm caused by Poseidon and is washed ashore on the island of Scalie, where he is protected by the Phaeacians who live there. Volumes 6 to 12 are mostly taken up with Odysseus' many adventures, told in the palace of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians. Almost all of the stories are tales of supernatural happenings, such as the one-eyed giant Cyclopes and the singing witch Sirens. In Book 13, Odysseus returns to Ithaca, and with the help of Telemachus and the loyal swineherd Eumaeus, he defeats the villains and is reunited with his wife Penelope and his aged father Laertes. A showdown with the surviving families of the suitors is avoided by the intervention of Athens, and everything ends happily. Particularly memorable scenes throughout the book include the beautiful natural scenery of Calypso's island (Book 5), the charming figure of Nausicaa, Princess of Phaeaces (Book 6), the story of Cyclopes (Book 9), the scene in which Penelope, who stubbornly refuses to acknowledge Odysseus, finally accepts him as her husband (Book 23). [Matsudaira Chiaki] "The Odyssey, translated by Go Shigekazu (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "The Odyssey, translated by Matsudaira Chiaki (included in the World Literature Collection 1, 1982, Kodansha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
『イリアス』とともにホメロスの作とされる古代ギリシアの英雄叙事詩。今日では『イリアス』より約一世代遅れて紀元前8世紀末に制作されたもので、その作者も『イリアス』の作者と同一人ではないと考える学者が多い。『イリアス』より約3000行短く、1万2000行にわずかに足りない。『イリアス』同様24巻に分かれ、ギリシア語アルファベット24字で順序を示す。題名は「オデュッセウスの歌」の意で、トロヤ落城後、さらに10年にわたって各地を放浪した英雄オデュッセウスを主人公とした冒険談である。 物語は放浪生活も終わりに近く、オデュッセウスはニンフのカリプソに愛され、オギュギエの島に留められてすでに7年になる時点から始まる。一方オデュッセウスの故国イタケでは、彼はすでに死亡したものとして、近隣の貴族の若者たち多数が妃(きさき)ペネロペイアに求婚し、屋敷に居座っては宴遊に明け暮れ、妃とひとり息子のテレマコスを悩ましている。やがてオデュッセウスは故国へ帰り、テレマコスと力をあわせて悪虐な求婚者たちをことごとく討ち果たすまでの、約40日間のできごとが詩の内容である。 冒頭、神々の会議が開かれ、アテネの発議でオデュッセウスを帰国させることが決定される。巻1~4では、アテネに激励されたテレマコスが、求婚者たちに対抗する決意を固めるとともに、父の消息を求めて、ピロスのネストル、スパルタのメネラオスを訪ねる。巻5から話はオデュッセウスに移り、神ヘルメスがカリプソにゼウスの意を伝え、オデュッセウスは筏(いかだ)に乗って帰国しようとするが、ポセイドンの起こした嵐(あらし)で難破し、からくもスケリエ島に漂着、ここの住民パイエケス人の保護を受ける。巻6~12は、パイエケス人の王アルキノオスの館(やかた)で、オデュッセウスが物語る数々の冒険談がその大部分を占める。 物語のほとんどすべては、隻眼(せきがん)の巨人キクロペスや歌う魔女セイレンなどの怪異談である。巻13でイタケに帰還したオデュッセウスは、テレマコスと忠義な豚飼いエウマイオスの協力を得て、悪人たちを討ち、妻ペネロペイア、老父ラエルテスと再会、求婚者たちの遺族との対決も、アテネの介入によって回避され、万事めでたく終わる。全編中カリプソの島の美しい自然描写(巻5)、パイエケスの王女ナウシカアのかれんな姿(巻6)、キクロペスの物語(巻9)、乳母(うば)に足を洗わすとき古傷を見られて素姓を悟られる場面(巻19)、かたくなに認知を拒むペネロペイアが、ついにオデュッセウスを夫と認めるくだり(巻23)などは、とくに印象深い名場面である。 [松平千秋] 『呉茂一訳『オデュッセイアー』全2冊(岩波文庫)』▽『松平千秋訳「オデュッセイア」(『世界文学全集1』所収・1982・講談社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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