Odysseus - Odysseus (English spelling)

Japanese: オデュッセウス - おでゅっせうす(英語表記)Odysseus
Odysseus - Odysseus (English spelling)

A hero in Greek mythology. The protagonist of Homer's Odyssey. Born to King Laertes and Anticleia on the small island of Ithaca in the Ionian Sea. When he reached adulthood and became king of Ithaca, he proposed to the beautiful Helen, but she chose Menelaus, so he married Icarius' daughter Penelope, and had a son, Telemachus, with her. Later, when Helen was kidnapped by the Trojan Paris, Odysseus feigned insanity and refused to help get her back. However, his lie was eventually discovered, and Odysseus joined the Trojan expedition. Knowing that he would die if he joined the Trojan War, he used his wits to find Achilles, who was hiding on the island of Skyros, and begged him to join the army. Achilles was killed in battle as predicted. Odysseus then fought with Ajax the Great over the remaining armor that was to be given to the bravest warrior, and won.

After the Trojan War, he incurred the wrath of the sea god Poseidon and wandered the sea for a long time, but finally returned to Ithaca, destroyed the suitors for his wife Penelope, and built a temple to appease Poseidon. Later, when his son Telegonus, born with the witch Circe, came to Ithaca to meet his father, Odysseus fought without knowing it and was killed by his son.

In Homer's story, Odysseus is portrayed as intelligent and patient, but in Greek tragedy he is portrayed as ruthless and cunning.

[Masahiro Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の英雄。ホメロスの『オデュッセイア』の主人公。イオニア海の小島イタケで、王ラエルテスとアンティクレイアの間に生まれた。彼は成人してイタケの王となったとき、美女ヘレネに求婚したが、彼女はメネラオスを選んだために、イカリオスの娘ペネロペイアを妻とし、2人の間に息子テレマコスをもうけた。のちにヘレネがトロヤ人パリスにさらわれたとき、オデュッセウスは狂気を装ってヘレネを取り戻す援助を拒んだ。しかし結局その偽りは見破られて、オデュッセウスはトロヤ遠征に参加した。トロヤ戦争では従軍すれば死を免れないと知ってスキュロス島に隠れていたアキレウスを知略により探し出し、従軍を懇請した。アキレウスは預言どおり戦死する。そして、最高の勇者に与えられるという残された武具をめぐり、オデュッセウスは大アイアスと争い、勝利を得た。

 トロヤ戦争終了後、彼は海神ポセイドンの怒りに触れて長く海上をさまよったが、ついにイタケに帰って妻ペネロペイアへの求婚者たちを滅ぼし、またポセイドンをなだめるために神殿を建てた。そののち、魔女キルケとの間に生まれた息子テレゴノスが父に会うためイタケにきたとき、オデュッセウスはそれと知らずに戦い、息子に殺された。

 ホメロスの物語では、オデュッセウスは知性と忍耐力の持ち主として描かれているが、ギリシア悲劇では、冷酷、狡猾(こうかつ)な人物として扱われている。

[小川正広]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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