A compound of zinc and chlorine. Colorless crystals are obtained by dissolving zinc metal or zinc oxide in hydrochloric acid and concentrating the solution. Anhydrous form is obtained from an aqueous solution at 28°C or higher, α (alpha) form is obtained by melting and cooling rapidly, β (beta) form is obtained by cooling slowly, and γ (gamma) form is obtained from an aqueous solution close to room temperature. At temperatures below that, various hydrates are obtained (1.5 hydrate at 26°C, 2.5 hydrate at 13°C, trihydrate at 7°C, tetrahydrate at -30°C). It is deliquescent and highly soluble in water. It also dissolves well in organic solvents such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol), acetone, and ether. Aqueous solutions are somewhat hydrolyzed and weakly acidic. It is used as a preservative when injected into wood. It also gives fire resistance. It is used as a material for dry batteries, medicines (astringents, preservatives, etc.), and dyes. It is a highly poisonous substance. [Nakahara Katsunori] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
亜鉛と塩素の化合物。金属亜鉛あるいは酸化亜鉛を塩酸に溶かし、溶液を濃縮すると得られる無色の結晶。水溶液からは28℃以上では無水和物が得られ、融解して急速に冷却するとα(アルファ)型が、ゆっくりと冷却するとβ(ベータ)型が、室温に近い水溶液からはγ(ガンマ)型が得られる。それ以下の温度では各種の水和物(26℃では1.5水和物、13℃では2.5水和物、7℃では三水和物、-30℃では四水和物)が得られる。潮解性で、きわめて水に溶けやすい。エタノール(エチルアルコール)、アセトン、エーテルなどの有機溶媒にもよく溶ける。水溶液はいくぶん加水分解して、弱酸性を示す。木材に注入して防腐剤として用いられる。また耐火性を与える。乾電池材料、医薬品(収斂(しゅうれん)薬、防腐薬その他)、染色剤などとして用いられる。劇薬。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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