...The former is in a transitional position between prosimians and anthropoids due to many characteristics, while the latter evolved into Oreopithecus, once thought to be the oldest human species, and then became extinct. Other fossils found include Egyptopithecus , Oligopithecus , and Propliopithecus , which are said to be connected to the Miocene fossil apes Dryopithecus, and Europithecus , which is thought to be the ancestor of the Miocene gibbons Pliopithecus and Limnopithecus. By the Miocene, the prototypes of Platyrrhines, Catarrhines, and the latter apes and humans were almost complete. From 【Apes】…The differences between humans and apes include the fact that the latter's canines are powerful and dentition is absent, there is a gap between the second incisor and canine in the upper jaw, and between the canine and first premolar in the lower jaw, and that only the former walk upright on two legs. The oldest ape is Amphipithecus from the late Eocene, followed by Aegyptopithecus from the Oligocene, and Pliopithecus from the Miocene, which is thought to be the ancestor of Dryopithecus and gibbons. Recent research has also suggested that humans and modern African apes diverged in the Pliocene. … From [Primates]...The Oligocene is a period with few primate fossils, but a variety of fossils have been unearthed at Fayoum in Egypt, each of which has important significance as a link between primitive protopithenes and anthropoids. These include Aegyptopithecus of the Ceratopogonidae family, Apidium and Parapithecus of the Oreopithecidae family, and Aeolopithecus , Oligopithecus , and Propliopithecus , which are undoubtedly classified as hominoids. The first capuchin monkey, Dolichocebus , was also discovered in Argentina. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Egyptopithecus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…前者は多くの特徴によって原猿類と真猿類の移行的位置にあり,後者はかつて最古の人類ではないかと騒がれたオレオピテクスへと進化し,絶滅した。そのほか,中新世化石類人猿ドリオピテクス類につながるといわれるエジプトピテクスEgyptopithecusやオリゴピテクスOligopithecusやプロプリオピテクスPropliopithecus,中新世テナガザル類のプリオピテクスやリムノピテクスの祖先と思われるエオロピテクスEuropithecusなども見つかっている。中新世になると,広鼻猿類や狭鼻猿類,さらに後者に含まれる類人猿や人類の祖型がほぼ完成したということができる。… 【類人猿】より…ヒトと類人猿との間には,後者の犬歯は強大で歯列を抜き,また上あごの第2切歯と犬歯間,下あごの犬歯と第1小臼歯(しようきゆうし)間に歯隙がある点,前者だけが直立2足歩行を行う点などに相違を認めることができる。 もっとも古い類人猿は始新世末期のアンフィピテクスAmphipithecusとされ,それに続く漸新世にはエジプトピテクスAegyptopithecusが,また中新世にはドリオピテクスDryopithecusやテナガザルの祖先と考えられるプリオピテクスPliopithecusが知られている。また最近の研究結果からすると,ヒトと現生のアフリカの類人猿との分岐は鮮新世とされている。… 【霊長類】より…漸新世は霊長類化石の乏しい時代であるが,エジプトのファユウムでは多彩な化石が出土しており,その一つ一つは原始原猿類と真猿類をつなぐ重要な意味をもつものである。ショウジョウ科のエジプトピテクスAegyptopithecus,オレオピテクス科OreopithecidaeのアピジウムApidiumとパラピテクスParapithecus,ヒト上科に入ることはまちがいないとされるエオロピテクスAeolopithecus,オリゴピテクスOligopithecus,プロプリオピテクスPropliopithecusなどである。またアルゼンチンで最初のオマキザル,ドリコケブスDolichocebusが発見されている。… ※「エジプトピテクス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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