…In recent years, the term has also been used to describe dominance relationships in human society. T. Schjelderup-Ebbe (1922) identified and observed seven female chickens in a hen house, and found a clear dominance relationship between the pecker and the pecked, proposing the concept of hierarchy for the first time. Later, it was recognized that in pigeons and other animals, there is a "peck back" from the lower-ranking one, and that one side is only statistically superior to the other. … From [Animal Sociology]...However, due to the trend of scientism and objectivity from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the recognition of animal societies was criticized as anthropomorphic, and a period of silence continued for about half a century. In addition to the tradition and accumulation of natural history represented by Fabre, the concept of animal societies was established in Europe and the United States, and it is necessary to mention pioneering research on animal societies such as T. Schjelderup-Ebbe's (1871-1945) study of chicken pecking ranking, WM Wheeler's (1865-1937) study of social insects, and HE Howard's (1873-1940) study of bird territories. We should also not forget the influence of animal psychology such as W. Kohler and D. Katz. ... *Some of the terminology references "Schjelderup-Ebbe, T." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…近年では人間社会における優劣関係についてもこの語が用いられることがある。シェルデラップ・エッベT.Schjelderup‐Ebbe(1922)は禽舎(きんしや)で7羽の雌のニワトリを個体識別して観察し,つつくものとつつかれるものに明白な優劣関係があることを見いだし,初めて順位という概念を提出した。その後,ハトなどで下位からの〈つつき返し〉があり,統計的にのみ一方が優位であるといった相対的つつきの順位も認められている。… 【動物社会学】より…しかし19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけての科学主義・客観主義的な風潮のために,動物の社会を認めることは擬人的であるとの批判がおこり,約半世紀は沈黙の時代が続いた。欧米における動物社会の概念の定着には,ファーブルなどで代表されるナチュラル・ヒストリーの伝統と蓄積に加え,シェルデルプ・エッベT.Schjelderup‐Ebbe(1871‐1945)によるニワトリのつつきの順位についての研究,ホイーラーW.M.Wheeler(1865‐1937)らの社会性昆虫の研究,ハワードH.E.Howard(1873‐1940)らの鳥のなわばりの研究などを,動物社会についての先駆的な研究としてあげておく必要がある。また,W.ケーラーやカッツD.Katzなどの動物心理学の影響があったことも忘れてはならないだろう。… ※「Schjelderup-Ebbe,T.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
>>: Schläfli, L. (English spelling) SchlafliL
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