...However, it was only a matter of time before the suburbs of Los Angeles in Southern California, a land of perpetual summer sunshine that is said to be sunny 300 days out of the 365 days of the year, and blessed with a variety of natural conditions such as terrain from snow-capped mountains to desolate deserts, would become a center of film production. It was William N. Selig (1864-1948), a Chicago filmmaker who was a rival of Thomas Edison, who first discovered it. After shooting the interior scenes of "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1908) in Chicago, he went to California for location shooting, and then shot "In the Power of the Sultan" (1908) entirely in the West, which was the original discovery of Hollywood. There are many theories among film historians about the establishment and construction of Hollywood, the movie capital. The most common theory is that in 1909, nine companies, including Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, and Karem, formed a trust called the Motion Picture Patents Company, which held 16 patents for cameras, projectors, film, etc. Independent filmmakers trying to escape the supervision of the trust began production in California, far from New York. Nestor opened Hollywood's first studio in 1911, and the other trust member companies also opened studios in Hollywood one after another. Thus, within just a few years, American film production became concentrated in Los Angeles and its suburbs, and the construction of Hollywood was essentially completed around 1915, when Universal, led by Carl Laemmle, a central anti-trust figure, built a movie town called Universal City in the San Fernando Valley. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Selig, WN" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし,1年365日のうち300日は晴れているといわれる常夏の太陽の地であり,雪をいただく山脈から荒涼とした砂漠にいたるまで,さまざまな地形などの自然条件に恵まれた南カリフォルニアのロサンゼルス近郊が映画製作の中心地になることは時間の問題だった。それを最初に発見したのは,トマス・エジソンのライバルであったシカゴの映画製作者ウィリアム・N.シーリグWilliam N.Selig(1864‐1948)で,《モンテ・クリスト伯》(1908)の屋内場面をシカゴで撮影したのちロケーションのためカリフォルニアへでかけ,つづいて《サルタンの力のなかで》(1908)をすべて西部で撮影したのが,そもそものハリウッドの発見であった。 映画の都ハリウッドの成立と建設については,映画史家の間にもいろいろな説があるが,1909年にエジソン,バイオグラフ,バイタグラフ,カレムなど9社がカメラ,映写機,フィルムなどについて16の特許を保持するモーション・ピクチャー・パテンツ・カンパニーと称するトラストを結成したため,トラストの監視からのがれようとした独立製作者たちがニューヨークから遠く離れたカリフォルニアで製作を始め,ネスター社が11年にハリウッド最初の撮影所をつくったのにつづいてトラスト加盟各社も相次いでハリウッドに撮影所をつくり,こうしてアメリカの映画製作はわずか数年のうちにロサンゼルスとその近郊に集中し,反トラスト派の中心人物カール・レムリのユニバーサル社が,サン・フェルナンド・バレーにユニバーサル・シティと呼ばれる映画都市を建設した15年ころに,ほぼハリウッド建設は完了したというのがもっとも一般的な説である。… ※「Selig,W.N.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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