Heidelberg is the oldest university in Germany. It was founded in 1386 by Elector Ruprecht I on the model of the University of Paris, and its first president was Marsilius von Inghen (c. 1330-96). In the first half of the 15th century, the university's activities were temporarily suspended due to sectarian conflict, but in the second half, Elector Otto Heinrich, who supported the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation, carried out university reforms with the cooperation of Melanchthon and others, and established the university's reputation. However, in the 17th century, it was affected by the Thirty Years' War, and was closed, reopened, and evacuated repeatedly, and in the 18th century it temporarily came under the control of the Catholic Church. In 1803, after the French Revolution, Karl Friedrich, Lord of Baden, reorganized the university, and it was transformed into a modern university. At that time, German was adopted instead of Latin for teaching terms. In 1886, the university's 500th anniversary was celebrated, and it gained worldwide fame. After World War II, the number of students increased dramatically, and the medical and natural science departments were relocated to a new campus in the suburbs. A large-scale South Asian Studies Institute was established there. The faculty structure was divided from the previous five faculties (Theology, Law, Medicine, Philosophy, and Natural Sciences) to 16 faculties (Theology, Law, Basic Medicine, Theoretical Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Philosophy and History, Oriental Studies and Ancient Studies, Modern Linguistics, Economics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Physics and Astronomy, Biology, and Earth Sciences). As of 1995, the faculty numbered approximately 2,400 and the number of students was approximately 30,000. [Toru Magose] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ連邦共和国のハイデルベルクにあるドイツ最古の大学。1386年、選帝侯ルプレヒト1世によりパリ大学をモデルに創設され、初代学長にはマルジリウスMarsilius von Inghen(1330ころ―96)が就任した。15世紀前半には、宗派上の対立で大学の活動は一時停止状態になったが、後半にはルネサンスと宗教改革を支持するオットー・ハインリヒ選帝侯がメランヒトンらの協力を得て大学改革を断行し、名声を確立した。ところが17世紀に入り三十年戦争の影響を被り、閉鎖―再開―避難を繰り返し、18世紀には一時的にカトリック教会の支配下に入った。フランス革命後の1803年、バーデンの領主カール・フリードリヒによる大学再編により、近代的大学への脱皮が図られた。そのとき、教授用語もラテン語にかわってドイツ語が採用された。1886年の創設500年祭には全世界にその名声を博した。 第二次世界大戦後は学生の急増により、医学、自然科学部門が郊外の新キャンパスに移転。そこには大規模な南アジア研究所が設けられた。学部構成は従来の5学部(神学、法学、医学、哲学、自然科学)から16学部(神学、法学、基礎医学、理論医学、臨床医学、哲学・歴史、東洋学・古代学、近代言語学、経済学、社会・行動科学、数学、化学、薬学、物理学・天文学、生物学、地球科学)に細分化された。1995年現在、教員数約2400人、学生数約3万人。 [馬越 徹] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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