This refers to the Habsburg Empire, which was formed from 1867 to 1918 when Austria and Hungary were united as two equal states. After suppressing the 1848 revolution, the Habsburg Empire established a "neo-absolutist" system and attempted to oppress the ethnic groups within its own country, but was forced to reorganize its system after the war with Italy in 1859. After attempts at federalism and centralization, and after its defeat in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, it decided to move toward the formation of a dual state with Hungary, and in 1867 the Austrian-Hungarian Ausgleich (meaning "compromise") was signed. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1867年から1918年までオーストリアとハンガリーが対等の2国家として連合して構成したハプスブルク帝国をさす。1848年革命を鎮圧したのち〈新絶対主義〉体制をうちたて,自国内の諸民族の抑圧をはかってきたハプスブルク帝国も,59年の対イタリア戦争以来,体制の再編成を迫られた。連邦制や中央集権制などの試みの末,66年の普墺戦争の敗北を経て,決定的にハンガリーとの二重国家の形成に向かい,67年オーストリアとハンガリーのアウスグライヒAusgleich(〈妥協〉の意。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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