Among tumors, those called malignant tumors are characterized by their great impact on the whole body, not just on the organ in which they originate. They weaken the body, cause the skin to lose color and luster, and reduce appetite, leading to chronic malnutrition, which can lead to anemia and edema. This condition is called cachexia or malnutritionism. Causes of cachexia include the effects of toxic substances such as toxohormones and malignolipins secreted from tumor tissue, the tumor taking over the nutrients needed by the body for its own growth, the tumor spreading and impairing the functions of important organs, and the tumor causing infections and bleeding. Toxohormones were isolated and named by Nakahara Kazuo in 1948 (Showa 23) from human cancer tissue, and are believed to be a factor that reduces the activity of catalase (the activity of an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide) in the liver. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
腫瘍(しゅよう)のうち、とくに悪性腫瘍とよばれるものは、発生した臓器ばかりでなく、個体全体に対しても大きな影響を与えることが特徴とされている。体力が衰え、皮膚の色つやが悪くなり、食欲も減退して、慢性の栄養不足の状態となり、貧血や浮腫を引き起こしてくる。このような状態を悪液質(カヘキシーcachexia)または悪態症という。悪液質をおこす原因としては、腫瘍組織から分泌されるトキソホルモンやマリグノリピンなどの毒性物質の影響のほか、腫瘍がそれ自体の発育のために、個体に必要な栄養物を横取りする、腫瘍が広がって重要な臓器の機能を障害する、腫瘍のため感染症や出血がおこる、などがあげられている。トキソホルモンは人の癌(がん)組織から、1948年(昭和23)中原和郎(わろう)により分離命名されたもので、肝臓のカタラーゼ活性(過酸化水素を分解する酵素の働き)を低下させる因子とされている。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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