A city in western Georgia. It is located on the alluvial fan of the Rioni River, which flows south and west through the Caucasus Mountains before emptying into the Black Sea, and faces the dry Kolkhida Depression. It has a population of 215,700 (2002). There is a branch line from the main railway line between Tbilisi and Sukhumi, and it is also the southern terminus of the Ossetian Military Road that crosses the Caucasus Mountains. It was the capital of the ancient Kolkhida Kingdom, which occupied the western part of Georgia, from the 6th to 3rd centuries BC. It also became the central city of the Imeretian Kingdom from the 15th century. It was occupied by the Turkish army from the 1660s to 1770, and was annexed by Russia in 1810. It is the second largest industrial city in Georgia after Tbilisi, with factories for automobiles (11.5-ton trucks and engines), small tractors, oil and gas industry machinery, white pigments (using locally produced barite), food, leather, silk textiles, etc., and research and educational institutions such as mining, automobiles, forestry, and cooperatives. There is also a theatre and a historical and ethnographic museum. [Kazuo Watanabe] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ジョージア(グルジア)西部の都市。カフカス山脈を南流、西流して黒海に注ぐリオニ川の扇状地上にあり、乾燥したコルヒダ低地に面する。人口21万5700(2002)。トビリシ―スフーミ間の幹線鉄道から分岐する支線があり、またカフカス山脈を越えるオセチア軍道の南端終点にあたる。紀元前6~前3世紀には、現在のジョージア西部を占めていた古代コルヒダ王国の首都であった。また15世紀からイメレチア王国の中心都市となった。1660年代から1770年までトルコ軍に占領され、1810年ロシアに併合された。ジョージアではトビリシに次ぐ工業都市で、自動車(11.5トンのトラックや発動機など)、小型トラクター、石油・ガス産業用機械、白色顔料(地元産重晶石を用いる)、食品、皮革、絹織物などの工場があり、鉱山、自動車、林学、協同組合などの研究教育機関が置かれている。劇場、歴史民族博物館もある。 [渡辺一夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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