Gas diffusion method

Japanese: ガス拡散法 - ガスカクサンホウ
Gas diffusion method

A method for separating and concentrating isotopes. At a given pressure, gas molecules with smaller molecular weights collide with the walls more frequently, and this is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight. The speed at which gas molecules pass through pores with a diameter smaller than the mean free path is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight. In the case of uranium isotopes, 235 U and 238 U can be separated in the form of UF6 , with a separation factor of 1.004. In 1946, Oak Ridge National Laboratory succeeded in enriching 235 U, and since then, it has been adopted in the United States, Russia, France, and China as the only uranium enrichment method on an industrial scale. Because the separation factor per stage is small, about 900 stages are required to produce 5% enriched uranium, and if recovery stages are included, the facility becomes large-scale, with about 1,500 stages. From an economical standpoint, the compressors and heat exchangers installed at each stage are the major factors.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

同位体を分離・濃縮する方法の一つ.ガス分子の壁面衝突数は,ある一定の圧力で分子量の小さいもののほうが多く,分子量の平方根に逆比例する.ガス分子が平均自由行路に比べて小さい径の孔を透過する速度は,分子量の平方根に逆比例する.ウランの同位体の場合,235U と 238U をUF6の形で分離することが可能で,その分離係数は1.004である.1946年,オークリッジ研究所で 235U の濃縮に成功し,以来,工業規模での唯一のウラン濃縮法として,アメリカ,ロシア,フランス,中国で採用されている.1段の分離係数が小さいので,5%濃縮ウランを製造するために900段程度必要となり,回収段も含めると1500段程度の大規模な設備になる.経済的には各段ごとに設置する,圧縮機と熱交換器が大きな要素となっている.

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