SNP - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Japanese: SNP - えすえぬぴー/SNP(英語表記)single nucleotide polymorphism
SNP - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
A single nucleotide polymorphism. It is pronounced snip. The plural is snips (SNPs). The sequence of about 3 billion bases in human genomic DNA is not the same for all humans. Compared to the standard base sequence, there may be a difference of only one base, resulting in diversity (polymorphism), which is called SNP. It is estimated that there is one SNP in about 1,000 bases in human DNA. The majority of SNPs are found in genomic DNA outside of gene regions and protein synthesis control regions, and do not cause changes in genetic characteristics. However, SNPs in genes and control regions may cause genetic individual differences. In other words, SNPs may be indicators of individual differences in basic constitution, efficacy and side effects of medicines, and individual differences in the onset of multifactorial genetic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, and it is expected that analysis of SNPs will expand the possibilities for personalized and predictive medicine.

(Kawaguchi Hiroaki, science journalist / Kikuchi Masako, science journalist / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
一塩基多型のこと。スニップと読む。複数形はスニップス(SNPs)。ヒトのゲノムDNAの約30億個の塩基の並びは、全ての人間で同じではない。標準的な塩基配列と比べると、一塩基だけが違って多様性(多型)が生じていることがあり、これをSNPという。ヒトDNAではSNPは約1000塩基に1個あると推定されている。SNPの大多数は、ゲノムDNAにおいて、遺伝子領域やたんぱく質合成の制御領域以外のところにあり、遺伝的な特徴の変化をもたらさない。しかし、遺伝子や制御領域にあるSNPは、遺伝的な個人差を生じさせている可能性がある。つまり、SNPは、基本的な体質、医薬品の効力や副作用などの個人差や、高血圧、糖尿病などの多因子性遺伝子疾患の発症の個人差などの指標になる可能性があり、SNPの解析により、個人別のテーラーメイド医療や予測医療への可能性が広がると期待されている。

(川口啓明 科学ジャーナリスト / 菊地昌子 科学ジャーナリスト / 2007年)

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