Solonchak

Japanese: solonchak
Solonchak

...When alkali-soluble black humic acid accumulates on the soil surface, it turns black and is called black alkali soil or solonets soil, and sometimes refers to these two. White saline soils are also commonly called white alkali soil or solonchak, but many soils have a weak alkalinity of pH 7.0 to 8.0, and not all white alkali soils fall into the category of alkaline soil. [Matsumoto Satoshi]...

From [Saline soil]

…It is even said that the cause of the demise of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization was salinization caused by irrigation agriculture, and even today salt accumulation is a major problem in arid land agriculture. Salt soils are roughly equivalent to the soils called solonchak in Russia and other places, and are also called white alkaline soils because the surface is often covered with white salt deposits. The basic method of improving saline soils is to remove the salts by flooding, but it is difficult to obtain large amounts of water, and if the practice is stopped, salinization will progress again. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "solonchak" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アルカリ可溶の黒色腐植酸が土壌表面に集積すると黒色を呈し,黒色アルカリ土壌black alkali soilまたはソロネッツsolonets土壌と呼ばれ,ときにはこれを指すこともある。白色の塩類土壌も通称白色アルカリ土壌white alkali soilまたはソロンチャクsolonchakと呼ばれてはいるが,pH7.0~8.0の弱アルカリ性を示す土壌が多く,白色アルカリ土壌のすべてがアルカリ土壌の範疇(はんちゆう)に入るわけではない。【松本 聰】。…

【塩類土壌】より

…古代メソポタミア文明が滅びた原因は,灌漑農業による塩類化にあるとさえいわれ,現在でも塩類集積は乾燥地農業の抱える大きな問題である。塩類土壌はロシアその他でソロンチャクsolonchakと呼ばれる土壌にほぼ相当し,地表がしばしば白い塩類析出物で覆われるので白色アルカリ土壌とも呼ばれる。塩類土壌の改良は湛水(たんすい)による塩類除去が基本であるが,大量の水が得にくいうえに中止すれば再び塩類化が進行する。…

※「solonchak」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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