Nantes - Nantes (English spelling)

Japanese: ナント - なんと(英語表記)Nantes
Nantes - Nantes (English spelling)

The capital of the department of Loire-Atlantique in western France. Population 270,251 (1999). Located 383 km southwest of Paris, at the confluence of the Loire River and its tributary, the Erdre River. The largest city in western France, it is the transportation and economic center of southern Brittany and the lower Loire River basin. It is 50 km from the river mouth and can be navigated by ocean-going ships. In the 18th century, it prospered through triangular trade with the West Indies and Africa, trading sugar and black slaves. However, because it is located inland, trade volume has stagnated since the 19th century. Since the colonial period, food industries, especially sugar refining and confectionery manufacturing, have developed, and now, with the presence of a thermal power plant, there is a wide variety of industrial industries, including machinery, electrical machinery, and chemicals. It is the seat of a bishop and the site of a university.

[Nobuo Takahashi]

history

Nantes was invaded by the Romans and later by the Normans. In the Middle Ages, it became the residence of the Dukes of Brittany, but was eventually annexed to the French Crown in 1524 when Anne de Bretagne (1477-1514) married Charles VIII, King of France, and later became the queen of Louis XII. Nantes was also where Nicolas Fouquet, Minister of Finance during Louis XIV's childhood, was arrested for malfeasance, but what made Nantes especially famous was the Edict of Tolerance (Edict of Nantes) of 1598, which proclaimed peaceful coexistence between Catholics and Protestants in the area. During the French Revolution, Nantes was known to the world as a stronghold of the Girondists.

[Yoshio Shigaki]

[References] | The Decree of Nantes

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス西部、ロアール・アトランティク県の県都。人口27万0251(1999)。パリの南西383キロメートル、ロアール川とその支流エルドル川との合流点に位置する。西フランス最大の都市で、南ブルターニュ、ロアール川下流域の交通・経済の中心地。河口から50キロメートルの距離にあり、外洋船の航行も可能。18世紀には西インド諸島およびアフリカとの砂糖や黒人奴隷の交易による三角貿易で栄えた。しかし、内陸に位置するため、19世紀以降は貿易量が伸び悩んだ。植民地時代から食品工業、とくに精糖、菓子製造が発展し、現在、火力発電所があることから、機械、電機、化学など工業業種は多彩である。司教座、大学所在地。

[高橋伸夫]

歴史

古代ローマ人の進出を受け、のちにノルマン人の侵攻を被った。中世に入ってブルターニュ公の居住地となったが、アンヌ・ド・ブルターニュAnne de Bretagne(1477―1514)がフランス国王シャルル8世と結婚し、ついでルイ12世の王妃となったことにより、最終的には1524年フランス王領地に併合された。ルイ14世幼少時代の大蔵卿(きょう)ニコラ・フーケが涜職(とくしょく)の罪で逮捕されたのもナントであったが、とりわけナントの名を有名にしたのは、1598年アンリ4世が当地でカトリックとプロテスタントの平和共存を打ち出した寛容王令(ナントの王令)である。フランス革命時代はジロンド派の牙城(がじょう)として世に知られている。

[志垣嘉夫]

[参照項目] | ナントの王令

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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