French author. Born in Amiens. He started out as a poet but was not recognized, and made his name as a critic with Essais de psychologie contemporaine (1883) and Continuation of Essais de psychologie contemporaine (1886). These are masterpieces that attempt psychological analysis of writers considered representative of the era, but his greatest achievement is in reevaluating Stendhal, who was still being treated unfairly at the time. He then began writing novels, and after psychological novels such as The Cruel Mysteries (1885), André Cornelius (1887), and Lies (1887), he published the controversial work The Apprentice (1889). This work sharply pointed out the spiritual crisis brought about by the positivism and omnipotence of science of the time, and caused a great stir by pursuing the moral responsibility of scholars when publishing their research. He was elected a member of the Academy in 1894. "The Apprentice" marked a turning point for him as he became a traditionalist who valued French religion and morality, and published novels such as "Stations" (1902), "Divorce" (1904), "Demon at Noon" (1914), "The Meaning of Death" (1915), and "Our Deeds Follow Us" (1927). In his youth, he was baptized into positivism under the influence of Taine, but in 1905 he converted to Catholicism, became ideologically right-wing, and joined the political movement of "Action Française". [Yoshiaki Shinjo] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの作家。アミアンの生まれ。詩人として出発したが認められず、『現代心理論叢(ろんそう)』Essais de psychologie contemporaine(1883)、『続現代心理論叢』(1886)によって批評家として名をなした。これは当時の時代的代表者と目される作家たちの心理分析を試みた名著であるが、とくに当時まだ不当な取扱いを受けていたスタンダールの再評価をした功績は大きい。その後小説も書き始め、『残酷な謎(なぞ)』(1885)、『アンドレ・コルネリス』(1887)、『嘘(うそ)』(1887)などの心理小説の次に、問題作『弟子』(1889)を発表した。これは、当時の実証主義や科学万能主義によってもたらされた精神の危機を鋭くつくとともに、研究発表に際しての学者の道徳責任を追及して大きな反響を巻き起こした。1894年アカデミー会員に選ばれた。この『弟子』を転機としてフランス伝来の宗教、道徳を重んじる伝統主義者となり、『宿駅』(1902)、『離婚』(1904)、『真昼の悪魔』(1914)、『死の意味』(1915)、『われらの行為はわれらを追う』(1927)などの小説を発表。彼は若き日にテーヌの影響によって実証主義の洗礼を受けたが、1905年にはカトリックに改宗、思想的にも右傾し「アクシオン・フランセーズ」の政治運動に加わるようになった。 [新庄嘉章] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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