Nitrous oxide - Asankachisso

Japanese: 亜酸化窒素 - あさんかちっそ
Nitrous oxide - Asankachisso

Laughing gas, also known as nitrous oxide, is a general anesthetic (inhalation anesthesia). It is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was named nitrous oxide because inhaling it causes facial muscles to spasm, making the subject appear to be laughing. In 1799, British chemist H. Davy discovered its anesthetic properties, and American dentist H. Wells successfully performed the first surgery using nitrous oxide anesthesia (removing his own wisdom teeth) in 1844. It is used alone for pain relief in dental treatment and the first stage of labor, and in surgery as an adjunct to general anesthetics such as enflurane and halothane, usually with an oxygen concentration of 30% and a nitrous oxide concentration of 70% or less. For dental use, a mixture of 30% nitrous oxide and 70% oxygen is commercially available, while for obstetrics, a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen is commercially available.

[Fumiji Koho]

"Low-Flow Anesthesia" by Jan A. Baum, supervised translation by Akira Uemura, Masayuki Miyabe, Seiji Watanabe, and Hidenori Toyooka (2002, Medical Science International)""Inhalation Anesthesia - From Pharmacology to Usage" edited by Yoshio Tonosawa (2003, Shinko Trading Medical Book Publishing Division)""Medical Equipment Center, "Medical Gas Safety Management Handbook" Revised Edition (2003, Gyosei)"

[References] | Dinitrogen monoxide | Wells | Nitrous oxide anesthesia | General anesthesia | Davies | Anesthesia | Anesthetics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

笑気または一酸化二窒素ともよばれる全身麻酔剤(吸入麻酔)である。室温、大気圧下では無色のガスで、においはない。このガスの吸入によって顔面の筋肉がけいれんして笑っているようにみえるところから笑気と名づけられた。1799年イギリスの化学者H・デービーによって麻酔作用が認められ、アメリカの歯科医H・ウェルズが1844年に笑気麻酔による手術(自分自身の親知らずの抜歯)に初めて成功した。歯科治療や分娩第一期の鎮痛の目的で単独で用いられるほか、外科手術ではエンフルラン、ハロタンなどの全身麻酔剤の補助薬として、通常30%の酸素濃度を保ち、亜酸化窒素濃度は70%以下で使用される。歯科用には亜酸化窒素30%、酸素70%のものが、産科用では亜酸化窒素50%、酸素50%の混合ガスが市販されている。

[幸保文治]

『Jan A. Baum著、上村明・宮部雅幸・渡辺誠治・豊岡秀訓監訳『低流量麻酔』(2002・メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル)』『外須美夫編『吸入麻酔――薬理から使用法まで』(2003・真興交易医書出版部)』『医療機器センター編『医療ガス保安管理ハンドブック』改訂版(2003・ぎょうせい)』

[参照項目] | 一酸化二窒素 | ウェルズ | 笑気麻酔 | 全身麻酔 | デービー | 麻酔 | 麻酔薬

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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