Oshira-sama - Oshira-sama

Japanese: オシラ様 - おしらさま
Oshira-sama - Oshira-sama

...The name of a shrine maiden active in the Tsugaru and Nanbu regions of the Tohoku region. Most of them are blind women who choose a master and become apprentices when they are young girls before their first period. During their training, they learn sutras, prayers for the Great Purification, and fortune telling using divining sticks. They then become independent after gaining a sense of their guardian deity or Buddha through a kami-uke ceremony, a kind of divine marriage. Itako are known for summoning Hotoke (spirits of the dead). Jizobon and Jizo-ko festivals and rites in Osorezan on the Shimokita Peninsula and Kawakura in Kanagi Town on the Tsugaru Peninsula are known as Itakomachi, and many Itako gather there. In spring and autumn, they hold Oshirasama, a deity enshrined in the village's old family line, in both hands and dance while reciting Oshirasama rites....

From [Oshira Belief]

...Faith in household gods (indoor gods) found in the Tohoku region. The heads of two figures, a man and a woman, or a horse's face, are carved or inked on the tops of trees such as mulberry trees, dressed in a costume called Osendaku in a wrapped or pierced style, and enshrined in a Shinto altar inside the home. These are called Oshira-sama or Oshira-botoke. Oshinmei-sama in Fukushima Prefecture and Okunai-sama in Iwate and Yamagata Prefectures are probably gods of the same lineage.

From 【Silkworm】

...Silkworms, properly called silkworm moths, are insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera and family Bombycidae. They have long been cultivated in China, Japan, and other countries in order to produce silk thread from their cocoons.
[Ancestors of silkworms]
The insect most closely related to the silkworm is the mulberry, Bombyx mandarina , which grows wild in mulberry fields. Like the silkworm, the mulberry belongs to the Bombycidae family and can cross with the silkworm to produce hybrids that are fully fertile. The chromosomes of the mulberry that live in Japan are n = 27, but those in mainland China are n = 28, just like the silkworm.

From [Mulberry]

...A general term for plants of the genus Mulberry in the family Moraceae. The leaves are used as feed for silkworms, but the fruits are edible. It is a deciduous tree of low to tall growth, but becomes evergreen in warmer regions. The leaves are either cut or round. The flowers are divided into female and male flowers, but small florets gather together to form flower spikes. It is wind-pollinated, and the fertilized female flower spikes become white or deep red fruits. The branches that grow in spring are green, but in autumn they turn a color specific to each species, such as gray or brown. The roots are taprooted. The most important use of mulberry is in sericulture as feed for silkworms, but the leaves are also used to make mulberry tea. ...

From [Hatsuuma]

...Famous Inari shrines are Fushimi Inari Taisha in Kyoto and Toyokawa Inari in Aichi, but there are many Inari shrines of various sizes all over the country that attract faith. Apart from the Inari faith, in sericulture areas such as Nagano, Yamanashi, and Saitama, this day is a day to pray for sericulture, and festivals such as Kokage-sama and Oshira-sama are held, and cocoon balls are made and offered to gods both indoors and outdoors. In the Tohoku and Tokai regions, there are places where people visit Sozen-sama and Bato Kannon, which are associated with the horse (horse), but all of these are related to agriculture. In the southern Kinki region, various incantations to ward off evil spirits, such as rice cake throwing, are performed.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Oshira-sama" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…東北地方の津軽・南部地域で活躍する巫女の名称。多くは盲目の女性で,初潮前の少女期に師匠を決め弟子入りする。修業期間には,経文,大祓の祈禱,筮竹(ぜいちく)による占いなどを習得し,一種の神婚であるカミ憑ケの儀式により自らの守護神・仏を感得し,独立する。イタコはホトケ(死霊)の口寄せをすることに特徴があり,下北半島恐山,津軽半島金木町川倉の地蔵盆や地蔵講はイタコマチと称されて多くのイタコが集まる。また,春秋にはオシラアソバセと称し,村の旧家筋にまつられているオシラサマを両手に持ち,オシラ祭文を語りながら舞わせる。…

【おしら信仰】より

…東北地方に分布する家の神(屋内神)の信仰。桑の木などの木の先に,男女2体の顔や馬などの顔を彫刻または墨がきしたものにオセンダクと称する衣装を包頭形もしくは貫頭形に着せて,家の中の神棚の祠に納めまつったものをオシラ様もしくはオシラボトケという。福島県のオシンメイ様や岩手・山形両県にみられるオクナイ様も同系統の神であろう。…

【カイコ(蚕)】より

…カイコは正しくはカイコガと呼ばれ,鱗翅(りんし)目カイコガ科に属する昆虫で,その繭から絹糸をとるため古くから中国や日本などで飼育されてきた。
[カイコの祖先]
 カイコに最も近縁な昆虫としては,クワ畑に野生しているクワゴBombyx mandarinaがある。クワゴはカイコと同様カイコガ科に属し,カイコと交配して雑種をつくることができ,その雑種は完全な繁殖力をもっている。日本に生息するクワゴの染色体はn=27であるが,中国大陸にいるものは,カイコと同様n=28である。…

【クワ(桑)】より

…クワ科クワ属の植物の総称。葉はカイコの飼料として用いられるが,果実は食用になる。低~高木性の落葉樹であるが,温暖地では常緑的になる。葉は切葉と丸葉がある。花は雌花と雄花にわかれるが,小花が集まって花穂をつくる。風媒花であり,受精した雌花穂は白色または濃赤色の果実となる。春に伸長した枝は緑色であるが,秋になると灰色,褐色など種類に固有の色となる。根は直根性である。 カイコの飼料として養蚕に利用されるのがクワの最も重要な用途であるが,葉は桑茶を作るのにも用いられる。…

【初午】より

…稲荷神社としては京都の伏見稲荷大社や愛知の豊川稲荷が有名であるが,また各地には大小さまざまの稲荷があり,信仰を集めている。稲荷信仰とは別に,長野,山梨,埼玉などの養蚕地帯では,この日を養蚕祈願の日とし,蚕影様(こかげさま),オシラ様などの祭りをしたり,繭玉を作って屋内外の神に供えたりしているし,東北地方や東海地方には,馬(午)にちなんで蒼前様(そうぜんさま)や馬頭観音に参る所があるが,いずれも農事に関係したことである。近畿地方南部などでは,餅投げなど厄払いに関するいろいろな呪法が行われる。…

※「オシラ様」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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