stranger

Japanese: stranger
stranger

…Hospitality towards neighbors in a broad sense within a community is usually done mutually, according to the principle of reciprocity, even if there is a time lag. Therefore, the poor who receive food and drink unilaterally within a community are not recognized as full neighbors, and often occupy the status of a stranger within the community. Before the establishment of a welfare system by the state, this principle of charity by the wealthy and religious organizations played a role, but in that case, the giver could also increase their social prestige through their act and obtain a religious sense of fulfillment, such as atonement for their sins or the bestowal of merit. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "stranger" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…共同体内の,広義の隣人に対するもてなしは,時間的ずれはあるにしても,相互的に,互酬的原理(互酬)に従って行われるのがふつうである。そのため,共同体内にあって,一方的に飲食などの供与を受ける貧者は一人前の隣人とは認められず,いわば共同体内部の〈異人stranger〉という地位を占めることが多い。国家による福祉制度が確立する以前には,富者や宗教団体などによるこうした施しの原理がその役割を果たしていたわけであるが,そこでは与える側もまた,その行為を通じて社会的威信を高め,また贖罪(しよくざい)するとか,功徳を施すとかいった宗教的充足感を得ることができた。…

※「stranger」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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