Strassenzwang

Japanese: Strassenzwang
Strassenzwang

...The general term for these tolls was customs duty (Zol, formerly called Mautgelder or Ungeld), which was much more extensive than today's customs duties imposed on goods entering and passing through the border. It was levied for the passage of roads and waterways (Strassenzoll, Kanalzoll), the use of squares and harbors (Markt, Hafenzoll), and the passage of bridges and city gates (Brücken, Torzoll). Other related systems included the fee for guards (Geleitgelder) to protect travelers and their belongings from robbery, the right to seize ground objects (Grundruhrrecht), which meant that anything that touched the ground belonged to the lord if his carriage broke down or overturned during the journey, and the road compulsion (Strassenzwang), which prohibited travel on any road other than designated roads. The power to set and collect these tolls was the customs privilege (Zolregal), which, as the power of the emperor or king weakened, passed into the hands of princes and cities, becoming the feudal high ground (Landeshoheit) or the privilege of the cities.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Strassenzwang" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この通行税の総称が関税(ツォルZoll,古くはマウトゲルダーMautgelder,ウンゲルトUngeldともいう)で,国境を出入・通過する貨物に課せられる今日の関税よりはるかに広く,道路や水路の通行Strassenzoll,Kanalzoll,広場や港の使用Markt‐,Hafenzoll,橋や市門の通過Brücken‐,Torzollに際して徴収された。そのほか,領内を通行する旅行者とその所持品を略奪から守るための護衛料Geleitgelder,旅行中馬車が故障したり転覆したりした場合,土地に触れたものはすべて領主に帰属するという接地物占取権Grundruhrrecht,指定された道路以外の通行を禁止する道路強制Strassenzwangもこれに関連した制度である。これらの通行税を設け,これを徴収する権限が関税特権Zollregalで,これは皇帝や国王の権力が弱体化するにつれて諸侯や都市の手に移り,領邦高権Landeshoheitや都市の特権となった。…

※「Strassenzwang」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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