A real number that is not rational is called an irrational number. If a is a natural number and a = b 2 (where b is a natural number) is not true, then a is an irrational number. We will verify this for the case of . Suppose we are currently at a rational number q/p, where p and q are mutually prime (i.e., they have no common factors).
Next, let us show that the base of natural logarithms, e, is an irrational number.
Now, let e be a rational number q/p. Since e is not an integer, p ≥ 2. Then, In general, it is quite difficult to determine whether a number is rational or irrational. For example, it is difficult to prove that pi is an irrational number. It is still unknown whether Euler's constant γ is a rational or irrational number. [Osamu Takenouchi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
有理数でない実数を無理数という。 aが自然数で、a=b2(bは自然数)というようになっていなければ、は無理数である。このことを、の場合について検証する。 いまが有理数q/pであるとする。ここに、p、qは互いに素(つまり、公約数がない)、としておく。
次に、自然対数の底eが無理数であることを示そう。
いま、eが有理数q/pであるとする。eは整数ではないから、p≧2である。そうすると、 一般に、ある数が有理数か無理数かを判定するのはなかなか困難である。たとえば、円周率πが無理数であることを証明するのはむずかしい。オイラーの定数γなどは、いまだに、有理数か無理数かがわかっていない。 [竹之内脩] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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