Substrate

Japanese: substrate
Substrate

...The active center is also called the active site or catalytic center, and refers to the space required for the binding of substrates and coenzymes, but in many cases it is a narrow gap extending from the surface of the enzyme molecule toward the inside (Figure 2).
[Enzyme reaction]
Unlike other chemical catalysts, enzymes only act on a very limited range of substrates. For example, when hydrolyzing sugars with hydrochloric acid, not only starch but also various polysaccharides and oligosaccharides can be used as substrates, but amylase, which uses starch as a substrate, does not act on glycogen or xylan (a general term for polysaccharides whose main component is xylose).

*Some terminology explanations that mention "substrate" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…活性中心は活性部位,触媒中心などとも呼ばれ,基質や補酵素が結合するために必要な空間を指すが,多くの場合,酵素分子の表面から内部に向けて開けた細い間隙(かんげき)のような広がりとなっている(図2)。タンパク質
[酵素の反応]
 酵素は他の化学触媒と異なり,ごく限られた範囲の基質substrateにしか作用しない。たとえば,塩酸で糖を加水分解する場合には,デンプンに限らず,種々の多糖やオリゴ糖が基質となるが,デンプンを基質とするアミラーゼはグリコーゲンにもキシラン(キシロースを主成分とする多糖の総称)にも作用しない。…

※「substrate」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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