Hajj 'Umar

Japanese: ハジ･ウマル（英語表記）al‐Ḥājj ‘Umar

1797?-1864
He was an Islamic reform leader born in the Fouta Tolo region on the upper Senegal River in West Africa, and the founder of the Toukrou Empire, which lasted from 1848 to 1897. He studied the strict Islamic doctrine of the Tijani sect, and at the age of 23, he made a pilgrimage to Mecca, where he married the daughter of King Muhammad Bello of the Fulani Kingdom in what is now northwestern Nigeria. In Mecca, he was appointed by the Tijani sect as the caliph of Black Africa. On the way back, he received political training from his father-in-law in Sokoto, Fulani Kingdom, for several years, and then returned to Fouta Tolo in 1840, where he gained many followers by preaching that meditation, self-denial, and blind obedience to his teacher were the way to approach God.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1797？‐1864
西アフリカ，セネガル川上流，フータ･トロ地方に生まれたイスラム改革指導者で，1848年から97年まで続いたトゥクロール帝国の建設者。ティジャーニー教団の厳格なイスラム教義を学び，23歳の時にメッカ巡礼に旅立ち，現ナイジェリア北西部のフラニ王国のムハンマド･ベロ王の娘を嫁にもらった。メッカでは，ティジャーニー教団からブラック･アフリカのカリフとして指名された。帰途数年間フラニ王国のソコトで義父から政治的訓練を受けた後，1840年にフータ･トロに帰り，黙想，自己否定，教主への盲目的従順こそが神に近づく道であると説き，支持者を増やした。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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