Masanori Ogata - Masanori Ogata

Japanese: 緒方正規 - おがたまさのり
Masanori Ogata - Masanori Ogata

A Meiji-era medical scientist. The founder of hygiene and bacteriology in Japan. Born in Higo Province (Kumamoto Prefecture). He was one of the 18 students who graduated from the first class of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo in 1879 (Meiji 12). The following year, in 1880, he studied hygiene under Professor Pettenkofer at the University of Munich in Germany. In 1882, upon learning of Koch's discovery of the tuberculosis bacterium, Nagayo Sensai, Director of the Ministry of Home Affairs' Health Bureau, instructed Ogata to study bacteriology under Koch. However, since Koch was traveling in Egypt, Ogata was taught by Leffler. Nagayo also dispatched pharmacologist Shibata Shokei to the Berlin Hygiene Exhibition to purchase a set of equipment for bacteriological research, and Ogata cooperated with this. He returned to Japan in 1884, and in February 1885, he became a consultant to the University of Tokyo and also served in the Ministry of Home Affairs' Health Bureau, establishing a bacteriology laboratory at the Hygienic Laboratory and beginning his research. Under Nagayo's instructions, Shibasaburo Kitasato, Kako Tsurudokoro (1855-1931) of the Army, Kuwabara Sosuke of the Navy, and Suga Yukiyoshi (1854-1914) of Okayama Medical School all studied here, and Ogata calls them "the pioneers of Japan's bacteriology laboratory." In 1896, while investigating the spread of plague in Taiwan, he proved the presence of the plague bacillus in fleas found on the carcasses of rats in the affected area, and published his findings in a German specialist journal, which was the first report that plague spread was transmitted by fleas. He was a member of the Imperial Academy.

[Tsunezaburo Fujino]

[References] | Kitasato Shibasaburo | Koch | Shibata Shokei | Nagayo Sensai | Pest | Pettenkofer | Leffler

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

明治期の医学者。日本の衛生学・細菌学の開祖。肥後(ひご)国(熊本県)生まれ。1879年(明治12)の東京大学医学部第1回卒業生18人中の1人。翌1880年ドイツのミュンヘン大学教授ペッテンコーファーのもとに留学、衛生学を学んだ。1882年、コッホの結核菌発見を知った内務省衛生局長長与専斎(ながよせんさい)は、緒方に対して、コッホについて細菌学を修めるよう指示した。しかしコッホがエジプト旅行中のため、彼はレフラーの指導を受けた。また、長与は、薬学者柴田承桂(しばたしょうけい)をベルリンの衛生博覧会に派遣して細菌学研究用機械器具一式を購入させたが、緒方はこれに協力した。1884年帰国し、1885年2月には東京大学御用掛、内務省衛生局兼務となり、衛生試験所に細菌室を創設して研究を開始した。ここには、長与の指示により、北里柴三郎(しばさぶろう)をはじめ、陸軍の賀古鶴所(かこつるど)(1855―1931)、海軍の桑原荘介、岡山医学校の菅之芳(すがゆきよし)(1854―1914)らが就学、緒方はこれを「本邦細菌室の嚆矢(こうし)」という。1896年台湾でペストの流行を調査中、流行地のネズミの死体に付着するノミにペスト菌の存在を証明、ドイツの専門誌に発表したが、これはペストの流行がノミの媒介によることに関する最初の報告である。帝国学士院会員。

[藤野恒三郎]

[参照項目] | 北里柴三郎 | コッホ | 柴田承桂 | 長与専斎 | ペスト | ペッテンコーファー | レフラー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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