A colloid chemist from Austria who worked in Germany. Born in Vienna on April 1st. After studying at the University of Vienna, he obtained a degree in organic chemistry at the University of Munich in 1890, after which he left organic chemistry. He worked with the famous physicist Kundt in Berlin, taught in Graz, and then joined a glass industry company in Jena, where he worked on colored glass and opaque glass, but it was around this time that he became interested in colloidal solutions. From around 1900, he devoted himself to inventing the so-called "ultramicroscope." This is a dark-field microscope that uses a strong light from the side to observe colloidal particles, applying the phenomenon (Tyndall light) in which dust particles in the air shine when exposed to a strong light from the side. His research into the behavior of gold colloids using this microscope marked the golden age of colloidal chemistry, and he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925. He became a professor at the University of Göttingen in 1907, and died there on September 24, 1929. [Tsurutaro Nakagawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストリア出身、ドイツで活動したコロイド化学者。4月1日ウィーンに生まれる。ウィーン大学で学んだのち、ミュンヘン大学で1890年に有機化学の学位を取得、そのあと有機化学から離れた。ベルリンで有名な物理学者クントと仕事したのちグラーツで教え、続いてイエナのガラス工業会社に入り、着色ガラス、乳濁ガラスの研究に従事したが、このころよりコロイド溶液に興味が移った。1900年ごろからは、いわゆる「限外顕微鏡」の発明に専心した。これは、空気中のほこりが側方からの強い光線で輝いて見える現象(チンダル光)を応用したもので、側方から強力な光を照射してコロイド粒子を見る暗視野顕微鏡である。これによる金コロイドの挙動の研究はコロイド化学の黄金時代を飾るもので、1925年にノーベル化学賞を受けた。1907年ゲッティンゲン大学教授となり、1929年9月24日この地で死去した。 [中川鶴太郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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