A theoretical field of research that logically elucidates the process or structure of rules that form social welfare judgments based on the welfare (numerical measure of subjective satisfaction) judgments that each individual in society has about the social state. It has been vigorously developed by researchers in many fields, including economics, political science, moral philosophy, and mathematical science. For example, the simple majority rule is one of the representative rules that aggregates personal judgments into social judgments. However, the fact that this rule includes the possibility of a "voting paradox," in which even if each individual expresses a consistent judgment, the aggregated social judgment may produce a circular contradiction, was discovered long ago by the French Enlightenment thinker M.J.A. de Condorcet. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
社会を構成する各個人が社会状態に対してもつ厚生(主観的満足の数値的尺度)判断に基づいて,社会的厚生判断を形成するプロセスないしルールの構造を論理的に解明する研究分野の理論。経済学,政治学,道徳哲学,数理科学など,多領域の研究者によって精力的に開拓されてきている。 たとえば,単純多数決ルールは,個人的判断を社会的判断へと集計する代表的ルールの一つである。ところでこのルールは,各個人が矛盾のない判断を表明していても,それらを集計した社会的判断が循環的矛盾を生むという〈投票のパラドックス〉の可能性を含むという事実が,古くフランスの啓蒙思想家M.J.A.N.deコンドルセにより発見された。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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