…His vision of the Greek Republic was not limited to Greece in the narrow sense, but included the entire Balkans and Anatolia, including Wallachia and Moldova, and called for the unity of all the inhabitants of these regions. In mainland Greece, bandits called Kléftis were active. They used Mount Olympus and Mount Pindus as refuges and attacked landlords and Turkish soldiers. The Ottoman government, which had put a stop to their activities, organized a punitive force made up of Greek residents called armatolós, but this was unsuccessful, and the armatolós often began to act as bandits instead. … From [Haiduk]…Royal bandits in the European territories under Ottoman rule, especially in the Balkans. They were called different names in different places, such as hajdú (Hungarian), haiduc (Serbian and Romanian), and kléftis (Greek), but their activity coincides with the period of Ottoman rule. According to the many legends about hajduk in the Balkans, unable to bear the poverty of life and the brutality of the Turks, they left their villages and retreated to the mountains to form bandit groups (usually about 10 to 80 people). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "kléftis" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼のギリシア共和国の構想によれば,それは狭義のギリシアを範囲とするものではなく,ワラキア,モルドバまでの全バルカンとアナトリアをも包含するもので,それら地域のすべての住民の共闘を呼びかけるものであった。ギリシア本土ではクレフティスKléftisとよばれる義賊の活動が盛んであった。オリュンポス山やピンドス山などを避難所にしながら地主やトルコ兵を襲う彼らの活動に手をやいたオスマン政府はアルマトロスarmatolósと称するギリシア人住民からなる討伐軍を設けたが成果なく,かえってアルマトロスが義賊活動を始める場合も多かった。… 【ハイドゥク】より…オスマン帝国のヨーロッパ支配地域,とくにバルカン地方の義賊。所によって名称は異なり,ハイドゥーhajdú(ハンガリー語),ハイドゥクhaiduc(セルビア語,ルーマニア語),クレフテスkléftis(ギリシア語)等と呼ばれたが,その活動の時期はほぼオスマン帝国支配の時期に一致する。 バルカンに数多く伝わるハイドゥク伝説によれば,生活の貧苦やトルコ人の暴虐に耐えかねて村を出た彼らは山地にこもって匪賊集団(たいてい10~80人程度)を形成した。… ※「kléftis」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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