…(2) Caesar was originally a Latin family name, but since Augustus it has become a title meaning emperor. From this came Germanic languages such as the modern German Kaiser and Slavic languages such as the modern Russian Tsar'. The title of tsar', like that of imperator, was equated with the Byzantine title of basileus in the Middle Ages, but it was also used by the Bulgarian Simeon I in the 920s (replacing the title of khan, which had been held by the earlier Bulgarian rulers), by the Serbian Stefan Dusan at his coronation in 1346 (replacing the title of kralj), and by the Russian Ivan IV at his coronation in 1547 (instead of the knyaz' (prince) and later velikii knyaz' (grand prince) titles held by the earlier rulers), all as a declaration of their own stance against the Byzantine idea of a world emperor. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Kaiser" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(2)caesarは本来ラテン語の家名でありながら,アウグストゥス以来皇帝を意味する称号となった。ここから,ゲルマン語では,たとえば現代ドイツ語のカイザーKaiserが,スラブ語でも,たとえば現代ロシア語のツァーリtsar’が生まれた。tsar’称号もまた,imperator称号と同じく中世でビザンティン帝国のbasileus称号と等置されたが,そのtsar’称号を,920年代にはブルガリア人シメオン1世が(先行ブルガリア人支配者の称号khan=汗にかわって),1346年の戴冠式にはセルビア人ステファン・ドゥシャンが(kralj称号にかえて),1547年の戴冠式にはロシア人イワン4世が(先行支配者たちが最初に帯びていたknyaz’(公)称号,のちに帯びるようになったvelikii knyaz’(大公)称号の代りに),それぞれとなえたのは,いずれも,ビザンティン帝国の標榜する世界皇帝理念に対するみずからの態度表明としてであった。… ※「Kaiser」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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