Jurande

…At that time, France was in the midst of an economic depression called the “General Crisis of the 17th Century,” and the “money shortage” was becoming serious. Based on his basic idea that the amount of money determines a nation’s power, he made it his greatest task to increase France’s share of the precious metals and money circulating around the world. To achieve this through trade, he strengthened protective tariffs, promoted privileged trading companies such as the East India Company and the Northern Company, established and fostered privileged manufactures in export-oriented industries such as woolen textiles, Gobelin tapestries, and glass, and organized non-guild handicrafts into sworn guilds (jurande) to strengthen control. Neither his economic ideas nor his policies were revolutionary, and he already had pioneers such as Lafuma and Richelieu, but due to the worsening economic situation and financial demands, his policies took on a very aggressive character known as the “Money War” abroad, and were accompanied by authoritarian and complicated state control and state guardianship at home. They are collectively known as Colbertisme and are said to be a typical example of royal mercantilism. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "jurande" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…当時は“17世紀の全体的危機”といわれる経済不況のただ中にあり，“貨幣不足”が深刻化していた。彼は貨幣の量が国力を決定するとの基本的な観念からも，世界に流通する貴金属，貨幣の中でのフランスの取り分増加を最大の課題とし，貿易を通じてこれを果たすため保護関税を強化し，東インド会社，北方会社などの特権貿易会社を振興し，毛織物，ゴブラン織，ガラスなどの輸出向け産業で特権マニュファクチュールを設立･育成し，非ギルド的な手工業を宣誓ギルドjurandeに編成して統制強化を図った。彼の経済観念も諸施策も革新的なものではなく，すでにラフマ，リシュリューら先駆者をもつが，経済状況の悪化と財政上の要請から，彼の施策は対外的には“貨幣戦争”という著しく攻撃的な性格を帯び，国内でも強権的で煩瑣な国家統制･国家後見を伴い，コルベルティスムColbertismeと総称されて王室的重商主義の典型といわれる。…

※「jurande」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報