jahbadh

Japanese: jahbadh

...A suftaja is a bill of remittance in which the issuer designates a third party as the payee and sends it to a recipient in another place. The Persian word cheque and the Arabic word sakk are a payment order issued by a depositor who has deposited property with a financial institution (jahbadh) to withdraw the deposited amount, and the modern word for cheque in European languages can be traced back to the Islamic commercial term cheque. [Keishiro Sato]
[Japan]
In the commercial history of Japan, credit transactions began to arise in the middle or late Kamakura period (the second half of the 13th century), and the documents created in this context were called saifu (tickets) and kawase (exchanges).

From 【Exchange】

...The situation was similar in Basra and other cities. In the official economy, there were financial agents (jahbadh) who calculated the value of public funds such as taxes sent from the provinces in various currencies and bills based on pure gold and silver and converted them into cash. The profits from currency exchange, which added a commission called ribf (interest) to make favorable conversions, were enormous. Silver grains were calculated using the habba (the weight of two grains of barley) as the standard measure, and crushed silver and cast silver bullion were measured in dirhams.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "jahbadh" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…スフタジャは振出人が第三者を支払人に指定し，他地にある受取人あてに送る送金手形である。ペルシア語のチェック，アラビア語のサックは，金融業者(ジャフバズjahbadh)に財物を寄託した預金者が振り出して預託金を引き出す〈支払指図書〉のことで，現今ヨーロッパ諸語で小切手を表す語は，イスラム商業用語チェックにさかのぼることができる。【佐藤圭四郎】
［日本］
　日本の商業史上で，信用取引が発生するようになったのは鎌倉時代中期ないし後期(13世紀後半)からであるが，そこで作成された文書は割符（さいふ），為替（かわせ）などとよばれた。…

【両替】より

…バスラその他の都市にあってもほぼ同様であった。　公経済にあっては，地方州県から各種貨幣，手形で送られてくる税金などの公金を，純金，純銀を価値基準として算定し現金化する業務を行う金融御用商(ジャフバズjahbadh)があり，手数料にあたるリブフ(利子)を加算して有利な換算を行う両替の利得は莫大であった。粒銀はハッバ(大麦2粒の重量)を標準衡量として計算され，砕銀，鋳込み銀地金はディルハムを単位として計量された。…

※「jahbadh」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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