Siberian Internment - Siberian Internment

Japanese: シベリア抑留 - シベリアよくりゅう

The Soviet Union forced Japanese who surrendered to the Soviet Union or were arrested at the end of World War II in 1945 to work in Siberia. According to a survey by the Japanese government, the number of detainees was about 575,000, of which about 55,000 died and about 473,000 returned home. The detainees were mostly military personnel, but also included farmers from the Manchuria Development Association, Manchurian government officials, employees of national companies such as the South Manchuria Railway Company, and military nurses. They were held in about 2,000 camps and prisons in Siberia, Central Asia, the Far East, Mongolia, European Russia, and other places, and were forced to do various types of labor, such as railway construction, coal mine work, civil engineering, and agricultural work. Repatriation began in December 1946, and the Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration was made in 1956. Those who had been convicted were released, and most returned home, but a few became Soviet citizens. Many are still missing. In 2015, a document conveying the history of Siberian internment and repatriation, "Return to Maizuru: Records of the Repatriation of Japanese Nationals Detained in Siberia and Other Repatriations from 1945 to 1956," was internationally registered in the Memory of the World Register of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1945年の第2次世界大戦終結時にソビエト連邦に降伏，または逮捕された日本人に対する，ソ連によるシベリアでの強制労働。抑留者の数は，日本政府の調べでは約 57万5000人とされ，うち約 5万5000人が死亡，約 47万3000人が帰国した。抑留者は主として軍人であったが，満州開拓団の農民，満州の官吏，南満州鉄道株式会社など国策会社の職員，従軍看護婦などもいた。シベリアのほか中央アジア，極東，モンゴル，ヨーロッパ・ロシアなどの約 2000の収容所，監獄に収容され，鉄道建設，炭坑・鉱山労働，土木建築，農作業などさまざまな労働に強制的に従事させられた。1946年12月から引き揚げが始まり，日ソ共同宣言が行なわれた 1956年には有罪判決を受けた者も釈放され，ほとんどが帰国したが，若干名はソ連に帰化した。行方不明者も少なくない。2015年，シベリア抑留と引き揚げの歴史を伝える資料「舞鶴への生還 1945～1956シベリア抑留等日本人の本国への引き揚げの記録」が国際連合教育科学文化機関 UNESCOの世界の記憶に国際登録された。

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