…J. Bernstein explained that this change in potential was due to depolarization, where the negative potential becomes zero. Later, AL Hodgkin and AF Huxley inserted electrodes directly into the giant nerve of the squid, measured the potential difference across the membrane, and discovered a reversal of the potential. To explain this, the ionic theory was proposed, which explains that excitation causes a change in the permeability of ions. … From [Nervous System]… Another characteristic of nerve cells is that impulses with a fixed waveform are propagated as signals through nerve fibers. A model that explains the generation of these impulses is the H-H equations (1952), which AL Hodgkin and AF Huxley established based on experimental data on the giant nerve fibers of the squid. This is a set of differential equations for the ionic current that flows across the membrane of the nerve fiber, but its properties were investigated in detail by R. Fitzhugh, Jin-ichi Nagumo, and others, who proposed a more easily tractable mathematical model and an electronic circuit model (1962). … From Huxley…He also wrote an autobiography (1970, 1973). His half-brother Andrew Fielding Huxley (1917- ) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963 for his research into the conduction of nerve impulses. [Nagano Takashi] … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Huxley, AF" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この電位変化はベルンシュタインJ.Bernsteinによって負電位が0となる脱分極によると説明された。そののちホジキンA.L.HodgkinとハクスリーA.F.Huxleyによりイカの巨大神経に直接電極を挿入し,膜内外の電位差が測定され電位の逆転が発見された。これを説明する説として興奮に伴ってイオンの透過性に変化が生じることで説明するイオン説が提唱された。… 【神経系】より… 神経細胞のもう一つの特性として,神経繊維では,信号として一定波形のインパルスが伝播(でんぱ)することが知られている。このインパルスの発生を説明するモデルとしては,ホジキンA.L.HodgkinとハクスリーA.F.Huxleyが,ヤリイカの巨大神経繊維の実験データに基づいてたてたH‐H方程式(1952)がある。これは,神経繊維の膜を横切って流れるイオン電流についてのひと組みの微分方程式であるが,この性質が,フィツヒューR.Fitzhugh,南雲仁一らによって詳しく調べられ,より扱いやすい数学モデルおよび電子回路モデル(1962)が提案された。… 【ハクスリー】より…《自伝》(1970,1973)もある。なお,異母弟アンドリュー・フィールディングAndrew Fielding Huxley(1917‐ )は神経の興奮伝導の研究により1963年度ノーベル生理学・医学賞を受けた。【長野 敬】。… ※「Huxley,A.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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