…The theory of covalent bonds in hydrogen molecules was first quantitatively established by W. Heitler and F. London (1927), and was further expanded by John Clarke Slater (1900-76) and LC Pauling, and systematized as the valence bond theory. This is still used as a useful method today, but around the same time, Friedlich Hund (1896- ), Robert Sanderson Mulliken (1896-1986), and Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (1896-1980) developed the molecular orbital theory, which is a quantum theory of valence. The molecular orbital theory was initially an empirical method that only dealt with π electrons, like the Hückel method, and considered the necessary energy integral values as empirical parameters. … From [Organic Chemistry]…The successive introduction of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy became powerful tools for organic chemists and drove the rapid development of organic chemistry. Prior to that, Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (1896-1980) introduced molecular orbital theory to organic chemistry. Although the Hückel molecular orbital theory used a very rough approximation, it was groundbreaking in that it brought quantum mechanics, which had previously only been applicable to very simple molecules such as hydrogen molecules, into the world of organic chemistry. … *Some of the terminology referenced in "Hückel, EAAJ" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…水素分子の共有結合の理論はW.ハイトラーとF.ロンドンによって初めて定量的基礎が与えられ(1927),さらにスレーターJohn Clarke Slater(1900‐76),L.C.ポーリングによって拡張され,原子価結合法として体系化された。これは今日でもなお有用な手法として利用されているが,一方同じころ,フントFriedlich Hund(1896‐ ),マリケンRobert Sanderson Mulliken(1896‐1986),ヒュッケルErich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel(1896‐1980)らによって,原子価の量子論である分子軌道法が展開された。分子軌道法は初めはヒュッケル法のようにπ電子だけを扱い,必要なエネルギー積分の値を経験的パラメーターとみなす経験的方法であった。… 【有機化学】より…相次いで導入された質量分析法,核磁気共鳴スペクトル法が有機化学者の強力な武器となり,有機化学の飛躍的な発展の原動力となった。それより先,ヒュッケルErich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel(1896‐1980)は分子軌道法を有機化学に導入した。ヒュッケル分子軌道法はきわめて粗い近似を用いたものではあったが,それまで水素分子といったごく簡単な分子にしか適用できなかった量子力学を有機化学の世界に持ち込んだ点に画期的な意義がある。… ※「Hückel,E.A.A.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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