Tides with large tidal differences occur around the time of the new moon and full moon. The tidal forces caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun swell on the Earth's surface in both the direction of the celestial bodies and the opposite direction, and then sink in the middle. Around the time of the new moon, when the moon and the sun are in the same direction as the Earth, and around the time of the full moon, when they are in the opposite direction, the tidal forces of the moon and the sun overlap and become large, resulting in spring tides. Around the time of the first and last quarter moon, the moon and the sun are at right angles to each other, so their tidal forces cancel each other out, resulting in neap tides with small tidal differences. Due to the inertia of the seawater, topography, and friction on the seabed, the movement of the seawater cannot adequately follow the tidal forces of the moon and the sun, and the maximum tidal range (maximum tidal range) is often observed about 1 to 3 days after the new moon and full moon. In places where tides occur only once a day, the tidal range changes as the moon moves north and south, and the tidal range is largest when the moon is at its northernmost or southernmost point. [Masami Okada] [Reference] | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Spring tides and neap tides Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
新月と満月の前後に生じる干満の差の大きい潮。月や太陽の引力によって生じる起潮力は、地球表面で天体の方向およびその反対方向に膨らみ、中間部でくぼむように作用する。地球からみて月と太陽が同じ方向にある新月のころと、反対方向にある満月のころは、月と太陽の起潮力が重なり、大きなものになるため、大潮となる。上弦および下弦の月のころは、月と太陽が直角の方向に位置するので、互いの起潮力が打ち消し合うように作用し、干満差の小さい小潮となる。海水の運動は、海水の慣性、地形、および海底摩擦などのため、月と太陽の起潮力に十分に追従することができず、新月、満月から1~3日ほど遅れて最大潮差(潮汐(ちょうせき)の最大干満差)が観測されることが多い。なお、1日に1回しか干満が生じない場所では、月の南北移動によって潮差が変化し、月がもっとも北または南にあるころに潮差が大きくなる。 [岡田正実] [参照項目] | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 大潮と小潮 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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