...These plays, including those that have become quite secularized, are called "mystery plays" or "sacred history plays" in theatrical history, but these are translations of the French "mystère" and the English "mystery (play)" that were used at the time, and originally came from the Latin "misteria" (meaning a secret ritual or esoteric ritual). In France, "passion plays" were established one after another from the late 14th century, and in the 15th century, the famous "Mystère de la Passion" by Arnoul Gréban (c. 1410-c. 1470), which could be said to be the pinnacle of mysteries (passion plays), appeared in 1452. This was an enormous work, consisting of the first day (from the Creation to the Annunciation), the second day (from John the Baptist to the Last Supper), the third day (from Gethsemane to the Crucifixion), and the fourth day (Resurrection), with several hundred characters and a total of 34,574 lines of verse. From [French Theatre]…The records of the Passion in Valenciennes (although much later) are famous, but in the second half of the 15th century, it seems that many Passion plays were arranged in a circle in an enclosed space, as can be seen in J. Fouquet's Martyrdom of Saint Apolline. Some plays took several weeks to perform, such as Arnoul Gréban's (c. 1410-c. 1470) Mystère de la Passion, which had 35,000 lines of verse, 400 characters, and a performance time of four days. In this way, the Passion play lost its original religious effect and became too extravagant, vivid, provocative, and fantastical spectacle, so in 1548 the Parlement of Paris issued a ban on Passion plays, but this trend continued until the end of the 16th century, disappearing with the rise of Baroque theater. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Gréban, A." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このような劇は,かなり世俗化したものまで含めて,演劇史で〈聖史劇〉あるいは〈神秘劇〉と呼ばれているが,これらはいずれも当時の呼び名であったフランス語〈ミステールmystère〉,英語〈ミステリー(・プレイ)mystery(play)〉などの訳語であり,もとはラテン語の〈ミュステリアmysteria〉(秘密の儀式,秘儀の意)に由来している。 フランスでは,14世紀後半から各地で〈受難劇団〉の設立が相次いでいたが,15世紀に入り,1452年には聖史劇(受難劇)の頂点というべき有名なグレバンArnoul Gréban(1410ころ‐70ころ)の《受難の聖史劇Mystère de la Passion》も出現した。これは初日(天地創造から受胎告知),2日目(バプテスマのヨハネの場から最後の晩餐),3日目(ゲッセマネから磔刑(たつけい)),4日目(復活)の構成で,登場人物数が数百人,詩句の総行数は3万4574行という,途方もなく大規模なものであった。… 【フランス演劇】より…バランシエンヌのそれの記録(ただしかなり後になってのもの)が名高いが,15世紀後半には,J.フーケ描く《聖女アポリーヌの殉教》にうかがえるごとく,閉ざされた空間に客席を円形に配したものが多かったようである。グレバンArnoul Gréban(1410ころ‐70ころ)の《受難の聖史劇Mystère de la Passion》が3万5000行の詩句,400人の登場人物,4日にわたる上演時間を要したのをはじめ,上演に数週間を要するものもあった。こうして受難劇が本来の宗教的効果を失って,あまりにも豪奢でなまなましく,煽情的かつ幻想的なスペクタクルとなったため,1548年,パリ高等法院は受難劇禁止令を出すが,この流行は16世紀末まで続き,バロック演劇の隆盛とともに姿を消す。… ※「Gréban,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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