Osaka [city] - Osaka

Japanese: 大阪[市] - おおさか

Osaka City is located in the central west of Osaka Prefecture, facing Osaka Bay. It was incorporated as a city in 1889. It is the third largest city in Japan after Tokyo and Yokohama, and is the prefectural capital. It was the site of Naniwa in ancient times, and was called Osaka from the Middle Ages. It is made up of 24 wards (designated by government ordinance): Nishi, Kita, Konohana, Minato, Tennoji, Naniwa, Nishiyodogawa, Higashiyodogawa, Higashinari, Nishinari, Sumiyoshi, Asahi, Taisho, Fukushima, Miyakojima, Joto, Ikuno, Abeno, Higashisumiyoshi, Yodogawa, Tsurumi, Suminoe, Hirano, and Chuo. It is bounded to the north by the Kanzaki River, a branch of the Yodo River, and to the south by the Yamato River, and the city is developed on the delta of the Yodo River and the old Yamato River, and on the Kamimachi Plateau, which runs north and south. Since ancient times, it has been an important port in the Kinai region facing the Seto Inland Sea, and the Osumi Palace of Emperor Ojin, Naniwa Takatsu Palace of Emperor Nintoku, Shitennoji Temple of Prince Shotoku, Naniwa Nagara Toyosaki Palace of Emperor Kokutoku, and Naniwa Palace (Naniwa-kyo) of Emperor Shomu were built here. In the late Muromachi period, Ishiyama Honganji Temple (Osaka Gobo) was built by Rennyo, and the temple town developed. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi built Osaka Castle, townspeople from Sakai and Fushimi were invited to the area, and the castle town was developed. After the Toyotomi clan was destroyed in the Siege of Osaka, it became a shogunate territory, and flourished as a center of commerce, finance, transportation, and economy in contrast to the political center of Edo, and from the late 17th century it was called "the kitchen of the world." Townspeople culture also flourished with Ihara Saikaku, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, and others. Water transport was also active through canals such as the Aji River, Shirinashi River, and Kizu River, which are tributaries of the Yodo River, and the Higashiyokobori, Dotonbori, and Nagabori canals, which were opened during the Toyotomi and Edo periods. Today, as the core of the Hanshin Industrial Zone, the prefecture has the second highest industrial production after Tokyo. Before World War II, the area was centered on textile industries such as spinning, which has a history dating back to the Meiji era, but during and after the war, the proportion of heavy chemical industries such as steel, metals, metal products, machinery, electrical equipment, and chemicals increased. Industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyeing, and textiles are found along the Yodo River in the north, heavy chemical industries such as steel, metals, shipbuilding, vehicles, machinery, and chemicals are found in the Osaka Bay coastal area in the west, and small and medium-sized machinery, casting, and miscellaneous goods industries are found in the Joto area in the east. Traditional commercial activity is also active, with the wholesale trade especially developing remarkably. In particular, in the city centers of Senba and Shimanouchi, there are many wholesale districts, such as the drug district of Dosho-cho, the textile district of Honmachi and Donbike-suji, the toy and confectionery district of Matsuyamachi-suji, and the electrical appliance district of Nipponbashi-suji. The areas around Kitahama, Koraibashi, Nakanoshima, and Dojima form financial districts. The areas around Shinsaibashi-suji and Ebisubashi-suji in the city center, and the transportation hubs of the outskirts, such as Umeda, Umeda Shindo, Tenjinbashi-suji, Kamiroku, and Abeno-suji, are retail shopping districts and entertainment districts. The Tokaido Main Line, Shinkansen, Kansai Main Line, and Hanwa Line radiate out from the city, making it the core of long-distance transportation in Western Japan. In addition, private railways such as Hankyu, Keihan, Hanshin, Kintetsu, and Nankai, the Osaka Loop Line, the Osaka Higashi Line, and the city subway have developed to form a large railway network, and the Hanshin Expressway and Kinki Expressway have also developed. Osaka Port is the second center of shipping and foreign trade in Western Japan after Kobe Port. There are many historical sites and shrines such as Shitennoji Temple, Osaka Castle, the ruins of Naniwa Palace, and Sumiyoshi Taisha Shrine, as well as Tennoji Park, Osaka Castle Park, Nakanoshima Park, Tsurumi Ryokuchi Park, Nagai Park, Shin Kabukiza Theater, National Bunraku Theater, Tempozan Harbor Village, Osaka City University, Osaka University of Economics, and Osaka Institute of Technology. 225.21 ^km2 . Population 2,665,314 (2010).
→ Related topics Abeno Harukas | Osaka City University | Toru Hashimoto | Midosuji

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

大阪府中央西部，大阪湾に臨む市。1889年市制。東京都，横浜市に次ぐ日本第３の大都市で府庁所在地。古代の難波(なにわ)の地で，中世から大坂とよばれた。西，北，此花(このはな)，港，天王寺，浪速(なにわ)，西淀川，東淀川，東成，西成，住吉，旭，大正，福島，都島，城東，生野，阿倍野，東住吉，淀川，鶴見，住之江，平野，中央の24区からなる（政令指定都市）。北を淀川の分流神崎(かんざき)川，南を大和川で画され，市街は淀川，旧大和川のデルタ上，および南北に走る上町台地上に展開する。古くから瀬戸内海に面した畿内の要津として重要な位置を占め，応神天皇の大隅宮，仁徳天皇の難波(なにわ)高津宮，聖徳太子の四天王寺，孝徳天皇の難波長柄(ながら)豊碕宮，聖武天皇の難波宮（難波京）などが造営された。室町後期には蓮如によって石山本願寺（大坂御坊）が建てられ，寺内町の発達をみた。豊臣秀吉の大坂城築城後は堺，伏見の町人が招かれ城下町が整備された。大坂の陣による豊臣氏滅亡後は天領となり，政治中心の江戸に対して，商業，金融，交通，経済の中心として栄え，17世紀後半から〈天下の台所〉と称された。井原西鶴，近松門左衛門らによる町人文化も開花した。淀川の分流安治(あじ)川，尻無川，木津川や，豊臣・江戸時代に開かれた東横堀，道頓(どうとん)堀，長堀などの運河による水運も活発であった。今日，阪神工業地帯の中核として，東京都に次ぐ高い工業生産額をあげる。第２次大戦前は，明治以来の歴史をもつ紡績業などの繊維工業を中心としたが，戦中・戦後には鉄鋼，金属，金属製品，機械，電機，化学などの重化学工業の比重が高まった。北部の淀川沿岸一帯には化学，薬品，染色，織物などの工業，西部の大阪湾臨海地帯には製鉄，金属，造船，車両，機械，化学などの重化学工業，東部の城東地区には中小企業の機械，鋳物，雑貨工業が分布する。伝統に富む商業活動も活発であり，特に卸売業の発達が著しく，なかでも船場(せんば)，島之内の都心には，道修(どしょう)町の薬種街，本町，丼池(どぶいけ)筋の繊維街，松屋町筋の玩具(がんぐ)・菓子街，日本橋(にっぽんばし)筋の電気器具街等の問屋街が発達し，北浜，高麗橋，中之島，堂島界隈は金融街を形成する。都心の心斎橋筋，戎(えびす)橋筋，周縁部交通中心の梅田，梅田新道，天神橋筋，上六界隈，阿倍野筋などは小売商店街，歓楽街。東海道本線・新幹線，関西本線，阪和線などが放射し，西日本における長距離交通の核心であるほか，阪急，京阪，阪神，近鉄，南海各私鉄，大阪環状線，おおさか東線，市営地下鉄の路線が発達して大鉄道網を形成，阪神高速道路，近畿自動車道も発達。大阪港は神戸港に次ぐ西日本の海運，外国貿易の中心。四天王寺，大阪城，難波宮跡，住吉大社などの史跡，社寺が多く，天王寺公園，大阪城公園，中之島公園，鶴見緑地，長居公園，新歌舞伎座，国立文楽劇場，天保山ハーバービレッジ，大阪市立大学，大阪経済大学，大阪工業大学などがある。225.21km²。266万5314人（2010）。
→関連項目あべのハルカス｜大阪市立大学｜橋下徹｜御堂筋

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