graphē (English spelling) graphe

...Depending on the issue, there were different offices where lawsuits could be filed, and different courts where they could be tried. There were public lawsuits (graphē), which any citizen could file, and private lawsuits (dikē in the narrow sense), which only the victim or his family could file. The former included plots to overthrow the state, treason against the fatherland, blasphemy, making statements that corrupted the people's hearts, and false citizenship. The latter included murder, manslaughter, injury, divorce, insulting the dead, perjury, dowry recovery, failure to fulfill obligations to a freed slave's former master, theft, payment of war property taxes, and selling a slave without disclosing his illness. The jury swore to make a decision according to the law and the evidence, and the verdict was decided by a secret vote of the jurors and a majority vote.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "graphē" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…問題によって訴訟提起の役所が異なり，また問題によってこれを裁く法廷が異なっていた。訴訟は市民ならだれでも提起できる公訴graphēと，被害者またはその一族しか提起できない私訴(狭義のdikē)があり，前者には，国家転覆の陰謀，祖国に対する裏切行為，瀆神の罪，人心を腐敗させる言説の罪，市民詐称に関するものなどがあり，後者には謀殺，過失致死，傷害，離婚，死者蔑辱の言葉，偽証，嫁資回復，解放奴隷の前主人への義務不履行，盗み，戦時財産税の支払，奴隷の病気を告げずに売った罪，などがあった。陪審者は法律と証拠に従って裁決することを誓い，判決は陪審者の秘密投票，多数決によった。…

※「graphē」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報