It is also called the Summit of Non-Aligned Countries. It is sometimes called the Summit of Neutral Countries. It is a conference of the heads of state or government of non-aligned countries or their representatives, and has been held every three years since 1961. The first was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia) in September 1961 with 25 countries, the second in Cairo, Egypt in October 1964 with 47 countries, the third in Lusaka, Zambia in September 1970 with 54 countries, the fourth in Algiers, Algeria in September 1973 with 75 countries, the fifth in Colombo, Sri Lanka in August 1976 with 86 countries and organizations, the sixth in Havana, Cuba in September 1979 with 94 countries and organizations, the seventh in New Delhi, India in March 1983 with 101 countries and organizations, the eighth in Harare, Zimbabwe in September 1986 with 101 countries and organizations, and the seventh in Harare, Zimbabwe with 102 countries and organizations. The first was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in September 1989 with 102 countries and organizations, the 10th in Jakarta, Indonesia in September 1992 with 106 countries and organizations, the 11th in Cartagena, Colombia in October 1995 with 113 countries and organizations, the 12th in Durban, South Africa in September 1998 with 113 countries and organizations, the 13th in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in February 2003 with 116 countries and organizations, and the 14th in Havana, Cuba in September 2006 with 118 countries and organizations (participating organizations include the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)). The stage on which the Non-Aligned Movement functions is varied, including the United Nations, especially its General Assembly, and various specialized agencies, but this summit is the most important for demonstrating the unity of non-aligned countries and discussing and declaring their ideals and demands. Since the end of the Cold War, the country has been struggling to find its meaning. [Yasuo Ishimoto] Yasuo Okuno, "The Non-Aligned Movement and Africa" (included in "Politics and International Relations in Africa" edited by Hideo Oda, 1991, Keiso Shobo) ▽ Koshiro Okakura, "Introduction to the Study of Non-Alignment," Expanded Edition (1999, Shin Nihon Shuppansha) [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
非同盟諸国首脳会議ともいう。中立国首脳会議といわれることもある。非同盟諸国の元首や政府首脳またはその代理による会議で、1961年以来、原則として3年に1回開催されてきた。第1回は1961年9月にユーゴスラビア(現セルビア)のベオグラードで25か国、第2回は64年10月にエジプトのカイロで47か国、第3回は70年9月にザンビアのルサカで54か国、第4回は73年9月にアルジェリアのアルジェで75か国、第5回は76年8月にスリランカのコロンボで86か国・組織、第6回は79年9月にキューバのハバナで94か国・組織、第7回は83年3月にインドのニュー・デリーで101か国・組織、第8回は86年9月にジンバブエのハラーレで101か国・組織、第9回は89年9月にユーゴスラビアのベオグラードで102か国・組織、第10回は92年9月にインドネシアのジャカルタで106か国・組織、第11回は95年10月にコロンビアのカルタヘナで113か国・組織、第12回は98年9月に南アフリカのダーバンで113か国・組織、第13回は2003年2月にマレーシアのクアラ・ルンプールで116か国・組織、第14回は2006年9月にキューバのハバナで118か国・組織がそれぞれ正式に参加している(参加組織はパレスチナ解放機構=PLOなど)。非同盟運動の機能する舞台は、国連とくにその総会、各種の専門機関などさまざまであるが、非同盟諸国の団結を示し、その理念と要求を討議・宣言する場としては、この首脳会議がもっとも重要である。冷戦終結以来、その存在意義の模索に苦悩する状況となっている。 [石本泰雄] 『奥野保男「非同盟運動とアフリカ」(小田英郎編『アフリカの政治と国際関係』所収・1991・勁草書房)』▽『岡倉古志郎著『非同盟研究序説』増補版(1999・新日本出版社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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